"Herd Immunity'': A Rough Guide
"Herd Immunity'': A Rough Guide
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/cid/cir007
复制
发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Heymann, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fine, Paul;Eames, Ken;Heymann, David L.
术语“群体免疫”被广泛使用，但具有多种含义[1-7]。一些作者用它来描述群体中个体之间的免疫比例。另一些人则将其用于指应导致感染发生率下降的免疫个体的特定阈值比例。还有一些人用它来指一种免疫模式，这种免疫模式应该保护一个群体免受新感染的侵袭。该术语的一个常见含义是，人群中易感个体的感染风险因免疫个体的存在和接近而降低（这有时被称为“间接保护”或“羊群效应”）。我们提供了简短的历史，流行病学，理论和务实的公共卫生的角度对这一概念。
The term "herd immunity'' is widely used but carries a variety of meanings [1-7]. Some authors use it to describe the proportion immune among individuals in a population. Others use it with reference to a particular threshold proportion of immune individuals that should lead to a decline in incidence of infection. Still others use it to refer to a pattern of immunity that should protect a population from invasion of a new infection. A common implication of the term is that the risk of infection among susceptible individuals in a population is reduced by the presence and proximity of immune individuals (this is sometimes referred to as "indirect protection'' or a "herd effect''). We provide brief historical, epidemiologic, theoretical, and pragmatic public health perspectives on this concept.