Relative contribution of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and bacteria towards the disruption of flushing patterns and losses in yield and quality of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
Relative contribution of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and bacteria towards the disruption of flushing patterns and losses in yield and quality of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)
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线虫（秀丽隐杆线虫）和细菌对蘑菇（双孢蘑菇）冲刷模式破坏和产量和质量损失的相对贡献
DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04888.x
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
P. Grewal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Grewal
总结
对侵染蘑菇（双孢蘑菇）的腐食性杆状线虫线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans）的体表或肠道中分离的细菌进行的实验室测试表明，一些细菌增强了线虫的繁殖，而另一些细菌则抑制线虫的繁殖。由于某些细菌被证明可以抑制蘑菇菌丝体的生长，乙酸钙不动杆菌变种的作用。研究了无硝杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和液化沙雷氏菌单独或与秀丽隐杆线虫组合对双孢蘑菇（菌株 Horst U3）的潮红模式、质量和产量的影响。
单独的细菌对冲水模式影响不大，而秀丽隐杆线虫则延迟了蘑菇生产的开始，并显着扰乱了作物的生长模式，蘑菇出现得更有规律，而且不在明显的冲水范围内。接种细菌会导致蘑菇“褐变”，这在秀丽隐杆线虫处理中更为明显。仅在存在秀丽隐杆线虫的情况下才观察到子实体的特征性扭曲。线虫通常定植于子实体。细菌影响子实体和外壳中线虫种群的大小。
出现明显的产量损失；接种细菌时高达 10%，接种线虫时高达 27.8%，接种细菌和线虫时高达 35%。线虫和醋酸钙变种之间的协同作用。观察到 anitatus；与任何其他处理相比，该组合导致蘑菇产量显着减少。结论是，细菌会导致双孢蘑菇的产量损失和质量恶化，但当存在秀丽隐杆线虫时，其影响要大得多。
Summary
Laboratory tests of bacteria isolated from the body surface, or from the gut, of a saprophagous rhabditid nematode Caenorhabditis elegans infesting mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) showed that some bacteria enhanced nematode reproduction and that others inhibited it. As some bacteria were shown to inhibit mycelial growth of the mushroom, the effects of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia liquefaciens, either alone or in combination with C. elegans, on the flushing patterns, quality and yield of A. bisporus (strain Horst U3) were studied.
Bacteria alone had little effect on flushing patterns whereas C. elegans delayed the onset of mushroom production and significantly disrupted the growth pattern of crops, with mushrooms appearing more regularly and not within obvious flushes. Inoculation with bacteria resulted in ‘browning’ of mushrooms that was even more pronounced in C. elegans treatments. Characteristic distortion of sporophores was observed only in the presence of C. elegans. Nematodes commonly colonised sporophores. Bacteria affected the size of nematode populations both on the sporophores and in the casing.
Significant yield loss occurred; up to 10% when bacteria were inoculated, up to 27.8% when C. elegans was inoculated, and up to 35% with both bacteria and nematodes. Synergism between C. elegans and A. calcoaceticus var. anitratus was observed; the combination resulted in significantly greater reduction in mushroom yield than any other treatment. It is concluded that bacteria contribute to yield loss and quality deterioration in A. bisporus but that the effects are far greater in the presence of C. elegans.