Patterns and dynamics of European vegetation change over the last 15,000years
Patterns and dynamics of European vegetation change over the last 15,000years
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.12974
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Bradshaw, Richard H. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giesecke, Thomas;Brewer, Simon;Bradshaw, Richard H. W.
目的古生态重建记录了过去的植被变化，并估计了物种分布的快速变化。由此产生的植物扩散速度往往无法与气候驱动的植被动态模型模拟相匹配。对现存植物种群的遗传调查记录了冰川后树木传播的方向，挑战了传统的解释。我们的目的是根据遗传学研究和植被模型研究中出现的关于植被动力学的新思想来检验来自欧洲的最新大陆花粉数据集。欧洲位置。方法我们使用欧洲花粉数据库(EPD)的花粉数据构建内插的花粉百分比地图，记录过去15,000年来欧洲主要植物属和草科植物的分布和丰度的变化。结果我们的分析证实，Corylus、Ulmus和Alnus的冰后传播率较高，至少为1000m a(-1)，而Tilia、Quercus、Fagus和Carpinus的平均传播率为4亿m a(-1)。欧洲许多地区全新世晚期云杉和法格斯种群的扩张不能用迁徙滞后来解释。这两个分类群都将它们的种群中心向大西洋海岸转移，这表明气候可能在它们扩张的时间上发挥了作用。主要结论计算的后冰期植物在欧洲的扩散速度高于北美，这可能是由于墨西哥湾流和西风导致的气候变化更快。欧洲晚全新世的人为土地利用做法对单个分类群产生了重大影响，再加上气候变化，导致了丰度和优势领域的变化。从欧洲花粉数据计算出的高传播率与普通树种对全新世早期气候变化的快速跟踪一致，证明植物可以通过追踪它们的气候空间快速传播，无论它们的传播策略如何。
AimPalaeoecological reconstructions document past vegetation change, with estimates of fast shifts in species distributions. The resulting rates of plant spread are often not matched by model simulations of climate-driven vegetation dynamics. Genetic surveys of extant plant populations document directions of the post-glacial spread of trees, challenging traditional interpretations. Our aim is to examine an updated continental pollen data set from Europe in the light of the new ideas about vegetation dynamics emerging from genetic research and vegetation modelling studies.LocationEurope.MethodsWe use pollen data from the European Pollen Database (EPD) to construct interpolated maps of pollen percentages documenting changes in the distribution and abundance of major plant genera and the grass family in Europe over the last 15,000years.ResultsOur analyses confirm high rates of post-glacial spread with at least 1000myear(-1) for Corylus, Ulmus and Alnus and average rates of 400myear(-1) for Tilia, Quercus, Fagus and Carpinus. The late Holocene expansions of Picea and Fagus populations in many European regions cannot be explained by migrational lag. Both taxa shift their population centres towards the Atlantic coast suggesting that climate may have played a role in the timing of their expansions. The slowest rates of spread were reconstructed for Abies.Main conclusionsThe calculated rates of post-glacial plant spread are higher in Europe than those from North America, which may be due to more rapid shifts in climate mediated by the Gulf Stream and westerly winds. Late Holocene anthropogenic land use practices in Europe had major effects on individual taxa, which in combination with climate change contributed to shifts in areas of abundance and dominance. The high rates of spread calculated from the European pollen data are consistent with rapid tracking of early Holocene climate change by common tree species, documenting that plants can spread fast tracing their climate space, regardless of their dispersal strategy.