Highly polymorphic microsatellites in the house sparrow Passer domesticus
Highly polymorphic microsatellites in the house sparrow Passer domesticus
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家麻雀的高度多态性微卫星
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1996.00095.x
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
J. Wetton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Neumann;J. Wetton
作为信息性遗传标记的来源，微卫星比同酶、RFLPs和微卫星具有两大优势。首先，它们的PCR扩增避免了直接分析高质量DNA的需要，允许在适当的情况下使用羽毛和降解材料，其次，PCR产物在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的分辨率清楚地区分了所有长度不同的等位基因。因此，微卫星可用于扩大用较不敏感的标记系统开始的人口研究的范围和精度（Queller等，1991）。1993)。本文报道了家雀微卫星基因座的分离和特征，用于人口统计学和群体遗传学研究。同工酶（Wetton et al. 1992）和多位点DNA指纹图谱（Wetton et al. 1987; Wetton & Parkin 1991）已被用于确定麻雀的额外配对受精频率，而额外配对染色体已通过小卫星单位点谱分析确定（Wetton et al. 1995）。虽然能够在抽样的幼鸟中检测到所有错误分配父亲的情况，但调查不能考虑到不同死亡率对戴绿帽子的雏鸟的影响，因为采样被推迟到接近羽翼的时候，以便在不伤害幼鸟的情况下获得血液。此外，在小卫星基因座上观察到的准连续大小分布也阻碍了研究，这就需要在同一凝胶上直接比较多基因座指纹，或者在凝胶之间匹配单基因座指纹图谱时存在较大的误差限。这个问题在群体间研究中更为严重，因为在高度多态性的小卫星位点上估计等位基因频率极其困难，使得群体遗传学的标准方法变得不合适。微型卫星在很大程度上规避了这些问题。将DH5a （Gibco BRL）和XL-1 Blue MRF’（Stratagene）转化为大小分级（0.6-1 kb） MboI片段，建立家雀基因组文库
Microsatellites possess two major advantages over allozymes, RFLPs and minisatellites as a source of informative genetic markers. First, their amplification by PCR avoids the need for direct assaying of high quality DNA allowing the use of feathers and degraded material where appropriate, and secondly the resolution of PCR products on polyacrylamide gels clearly differentiates all alleles that differ in length. Hence microsatellites can be used to expand the scope and precision of population studies initiated with less sensitive marker systems (Queller et n l . 1993). We report here the isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the house sparrow for demographic and population genetic use. Both allozymes (Wetton et al. 1992) and multilocus DNA fingerprinting (Wetton et al. 1987; Wetton & Parkin 1991) have been used to determine the frequency of extra-pair fertilization in sparrows whilst the extra-pair sires have been identified by minisatellite single-locus profiling (Wetton ef al. 1995). Although capable of detecting all cases of incorrectly assigned paternity among sampled young, the surveys could take no account of the effect of differential mortality upon cuckolded broods as sampling was delayed until near fledging in order to obtain blood without harming the young. The study was also hampered by the quasi-continuous size distribution observed at minisatellite loci, which necessitated direct comparison of multilocus fingerprints on the same gel or wide error limits when matching single-locus profiles between gels. The problem is even more serious for inter-population studies as the standard methods of population genetics are rendered inappropriate by the extreme difficulty of estimating allele frequenaes at highly polymorphic minisatellite loci. These problems have been largely circumvented with microsatellites. House sparrow genomic libraries were established in DH5a (Gibco BRL) and XL-1 Blue MRF' (Stratagene) transformed with size fractionated (0.6-1 kb) MboI fragments
四核苷酸重复多态性 D21S1245 表明生殖细胞和体细胞具有超突变性。
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
TalbotJr,CC;Avramopoulos,D;Gerken,S;Chakravarti,A;Armour,JA;Matsunami,N;White,R;Antonarakis,SE
通讯作者：
Antonarakis,SE