Environment-friendly nitrogen management practices in wetland paddy cultivation
Environment-friendly nitrogen management practices in wetland paddy cultivation
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DOI：
10.3389/fsufs.2023.1020570
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Alam;M. Khanam;Md Mamunur Rahman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Alam;M. Khanam;Md Mamunur Rahman
水稻种植需要大量的氮肥，但水稻种植的氮肥利用率低(20-40%)。许多未利用的氮可能会降低土壤、水和空气的质量，并破坏不同生态系统的功能。增加氮素利用率和维持水稻产量以满足不断增长的人口对粮食的需求是一个巨大的挑战。这篇综述试图找出有希望的氮素管理措施，这些措施可能会增加氮素利用率，同时减少水稻生产和环境污染之间的权衡。我们收集和整理了关于N管理做法和相关障碍的信息。可以提出一套现有的土壤、作物和化肥管理战略来提高氮肥利用率，然而，这可能无法像联合国环境规划署在《科伦坡宣言》中所说的那样，在2030年之前将氮素浪费减半。因此，更有效的N管理工具还有待于通过研究和推广来开发。必须在农民中开展提高认识的运动，以消除他们的误解，即更高的氮肥可以提供更高的产量。这些发现可能有助于政策制定者制定适当的政策，为湿地水稻种植制定生态友好型氮素管理战略，并确保更好地利用昂贵的氮肥。
A large amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is required for paddy cultivation, but nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in paddy farming is low (20–40%). Much of the unutilized N potentially degrades the quality of soil, water, and air and disintegrates the functions of different ecosystems. It is a great challenge to increase NUE and sustain rice production to meet the food demand of the growing population. This review attempted to find out promising N management practices that might increase NUE while reducing the trade-off between rice production and environmental pollution. We collected and collated information on N management practices and associated barriers. A set of existing soil, crop, and fertilizer management strategies can be suggested for increasing NUE, which, however, might not be capable to halve N waste by 2030 as stated in the “Colombo Declaration” by the United Nations Environment Program. Therefore, more efficient N management tools are yet to be developed through research and extension. Awareness-raising campaign among farmers is a must against their misunderstanding that higher N fertilizer provides higher yields. The findings might help policymakers to formulate suitable policies regarding eco-friendly N management strategies for wetland paddy cultivation and ensure better utilization of costly N fertilizer.