Combining functional weed ecology and crop stable isotope ratios to identify cultivation intensity: a comparison of cereal production regimes in Haute Provence, France and Asturias, Spain.
Combining functional weed ecology and crop stable isotope ratios to identify cultivation intensity: a comparison of cereal production regimes in Haute Provence, France and Asturias, Spain.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00334-015-0524-0
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fraser R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogaard A;Hodgson J;Nitsch E;Jones G;Styring A;Diffey C;Pouncett J;Herbig C;Charles M;Ertuğ F;Tugay O;Filipovic D;Fraser R
这项调查结合了两种独立的作物生长条件和畜牧实践方法——功能性杂草生态学和作物稳定碳氮同位素分析——以评估它们利用考古植物学组合推断过去谷物生产系统强度的潜力。法国上普罗旺斯目前的有机谷物种植以适应低养分土壤的作物品种为特色，通过轮作进行管理，几乎不需要施肥。通过对该地区 60 个农作物田样带的杂草样方调查发现，植物区系的变异主要反映了地理差异。功能性生态杂草数据清楚地将普罗旺斯田地与之前西班牙西北部阿斯图里亚斯集约化管理的斯佩尔特小麦研究中调查的田地区分开来：正如预期的那样，杂草生态数据反映了阿斯图里亚斯较高的土壤肥力和干扰。同样，作物稳定氮同位素值区分了阿斯图里亚斯的密集施肥和上普罗旺斯的少量施肥的长期耕作。上普罗旺斯和阿斯图里亚斯基于杂草生态和作物同位素值的谷物种植强度新模型通过应用于另外两个现行制度进行了测试，成功确定了罗马尼亚锡吉什瓦拉地区的高强度制度和土耳其卡斯塔莫努的低强度生产制度。将这种新模型应用于中欧新石器时代的考古植物组合表明，早期农业往往是集约化的，并且可能结合了施肥，但也表现出相当大的变化，从而比以前更详细地了解了耕作强度。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1007/s00334-015-0524-0) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
This investigation combines two independent methods of identifying crop growing conditions and husbandry practices—functional weed ecology and crop stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis—in order to assess their potential for inferring the intensity of past cereal production systems using archaeobotanical assemblages. Present-day organic cereal farming in Haute Provence, France features crop varieties adapted to low-nutrient soils managed through crop rotation, with little to no manuring. Weed quadrat survey of 60 crop field transects in this region revealed that floristic variation primarily reflects geographical differences. Functional ecological weed data clearly distinguish the Provence fields from those surveyed in a previous study of intensively managed spelt wheat in Asturias, north-western Spain: as expected, weed ecological data reflect higher soil fertility and disturbance in Asturias. Similarly, crop stable nitrogen isotope values distinguish between intensive manuring in Asturias and long-term cultivation with minimal manuring in Haute Provence. The new model of cereal cultivation intensity based on weed ecology and crop isotope values in Haute Provence and Asturias was tested through application to two other present-day regimes, successfully identifying a high-intensity regime in the Sighisoara region, Romania, and low-intensity production in Kastamonu, Turkey. Application of this new model to Neolithic archaeobotanical assemblages in central Europe suggests that early farming tended to be intensive, and likely incorporated manuring, but also exhibited considerable variation, providing a finer grained understanding of cultivation intensity than previously available. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00334-015-0524-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.