Misuse of the phytoplanktonzooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types
Misuse of the phytoplanktonzooplankton dichotomy: the need to assign organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types
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DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbs062
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Burkholder, Joann M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flynn, Kevin J.;Stoecker, Diane K.;Burkholder, Joann M.
浮游生物的经典描绘以浮游植物初级生产者和浮游动物次级生产者为主。事实上，许多（如果不是大多数）传统上标记为浮游植物或微型浮游动物的浮游生物应被认定为混合营养生物，有助于初级和次级生产。混合营养原生生物（即进行光合作用并以颗粒为食的单细胞真核生物）并不代表浮游生物的次要组成部分，而是作为原生生物过去进化的某种形式的劣等代表；它们是现存原生浮游生物的主要组成部分，并且可能随着气候变化而变得更加占主导地位。这种错误的识别，以及将混合营养生物错误地标记为浮游植物或微型浮游动物，其影响是巨大的。它从（错误）使用感光色素作为严格光合自养生物进行初级生产的指标，而不是同时（共）定位混合营养活动，到模型中浮游生物功能类型描述的不充分（注意，个体生物体中的混合营养生产不是光养和异养的简单总和）。我们建议，混合营养应被视为浮游生物动力学的主要贡献者，并在实地和实验室研究中付出应有的努力，并且不应再在概念食物网或数学模型中被边缘化。
The classic portrayal of plankton is dominated by phytoplanktonic primary producers and zooplanktonic secondary producers. In reality, many if not most plankton traditionally labelled as phytoplankton or microzooplankton should be identified as mixotrophs, contributing to both primary and secondary production. Mixotrophic protists (i.e. single-celled eukaryotes that perform photosynthesis and graze on particles) do not represent a minor component of the plankton, as some form of inferior representatives of the past evolution of protists; they represent a major component of the extant protist plankton, and one which could become more dominant with climate change. The implications for this mistaken identification, of the incorrect labelling of mixotrophs as phytoplankton or microzooplankton, are great. It extends from the (mis)use of photopigments as indicators of primary production performed by strict photoautotrophs rather than also (co)locating mixotrophic activity, through to the inadequacy of plankton functional type descriptions in models (noting that mixotrophic production in the individual organism is not a simple sum of phototrophy and heterotrophy). We propose that mixotrophy should be recognized as a major contributor to plankton dynamics, with due effort expended in field and laboratory studies, and should no longer be side-lined in conceptual food webs or in mathematical models.