Iodine/Iodide-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Iodine/Iodide-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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DOI：
10.1002/chin.201017269
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Yanagida;Youhai Yu;Kazuhiro Manseki
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Yanagida;Youhai Yu;Kazuhiro Manseki
染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）由纳米晶TiO 2（nc-TiO 2）、钌络合物敏化剂、液体I−/I3−氧化还原电对和电解质以及Pt涂层对电极制成，纳米晶TiO 2具有101晶面，染料被吸附在其上。DSSC现在的效率高达11%，G24 Innovation（英国卡迪夫）目前正在生产用于商业用途的。这些设备提供了几个明显的优势。基于nc-TiO 2层中的电子寿命和扩散系数，当染色的nc-TiO 2多孔层被锂和/或碘化咪唑及其多碘化物盐的氧化还原电解质覆盖时，DSSC保持在几微米量级的扩散长度。液体碘/碘（I-/I3-）氧化还原电解质可以渗透到相互缠绕的nc-TiO 2层内部，促进nc-TiO 2层的迁移率，并作为DSSC的空穴传输材料。因此，这些材料最终提供了相当好的光伏性能。另一方面，流体I−/I3−氧化还原梭具有某些缺点：性能控制和长期稳定性降低以及与某些金属组件材料不兼容。I−/I3−氧化还原梭在短路电流密度方面表现出显著的损失，在开路电压方面表现出轻微的损失，特别是在基于高粘性电解质的DSSC系统中。碘还可以充当氧化剂，腐蚀金属，例如栅极金属Ag和阴极上的Pt介体，特别是在水和氧气存在下。此外，电解质（I−/I3−）可以吸收可见光（λ = λ 430 nm），导致DSSC中的光电流损失。因此，引入碘化物/无碘电解质或空穴传输材料（HTMs）可能会导致具有成本效益的TiO2DSSCs.In本帐户，我们讨论碘化物/无碘氧化还原对作为流体I−/I3−氧化还原梭的替代品.我们还审查了固态HTMs的碘化物/无碘的固态DSSC的适应，重点是它们的孔隙填充和电荷迁移率的设备和这些值的关系所得到的碘化物/无碘DSSC的性能。我们展示了敏化染料分子和锂盐或咪唑盐添加剂的结构如何影响器件性能。此外，自组织的分子相互作用的电子接触的HTMs的染料分子在界面处的单向电荷扩散中起着重要的作用。我们使用带有3-烷基噻吩的钌染料HRS-1和双-EDOT通过光电化学聚合（PEP）获得的基于聚（3，4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）的DSSC证明了非键合界面接触（例如，π-π-堆叠）用于成功包含HTM。
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are built from nanocrystalline anatase TiO2with a 101 crystal face (nc-TiO2) onto which a dye is absorbed, ruthenium complex sensitizers, fluid I−/I3−redox couples with electrolytes, and a Pt-coated counter electrode. DSSCs have now reached efficiencies as high as 11%, and G24 Innovation (Cardiff, U.K.) is currently manufacturing them for commercial use. These devices offer several distinct advantages. On the basis of the electron lifetime and diffusion coefficient in the nc-TiO2layer, DSSCs maintain a diffusion length on the order of several micrometers when the dyed-nc-TiO2porous layer is covered by redox electrolytes of lithium and/or imidazolium iodide and their polyiodide salts. The fluid iodide/iodine (I−/I3−) redox electrolytes can infiltrate deep inside the intertwined nc-TiO2layers, promoting the mobility of the nc-TiO2layers and serving as a hole-transport material of DSSCs. As a result, these materials eventually give a respectable photovoltaic performance.On the other hand, fluid I−/I3−redox shuttles have certain disadvantages: reduced performance control and long-term stability and incompatibility with some metallic component materials. The I−/I3−redox shuttle shows a significant loss in short circuit current density and a slight loss in open circuit voltage, particularly in highly viscous electrolyte-based DSSC systems. Iodine can also act as an oxidizing agent, corroding metals, such as the grid metal Ag and the Pt mediator on the cathode, especially in the presence of water and oxygen. In addition, the electrolytes (I−/I3−) can absorb visible light (λ = ∼430 nm), leading to photocurrent loss in the DSSC. Therefore, the introduction of iodide/iodine-free electrolytes or hole-transport materials (HTMs) could lead to cost-effective alternatives to TiO2DSSCs.In this Account, we discuss the iodide/iodine-free redox couple as a substitute for the fluid I−/I3−redox shuttle. We also review the adaptation of solid-state HTMs to the iodide/iodine-free solid-state DSSCs with an emphasis on their pore filling and charge mobility in devices and the relationship of those values to the performance of the resulting iodide/iodine-free DSSCs. We demonstrate how the structures of the sensitizing dye molecules and additives of lithium or imidazolium salts influence device performance. In addition, the self-organizing molecular interaction for electronic contact of HTMs to dye molecules plays an important role in unidirectional charge diffusion at interfaces. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based DSSCs, which we obtain through photoelectrochemical polymerization (PEP) using 3-alkylthiophen-bearing ruthenium dye, HRS-1, and bis-EDOT, demonstrates the importance of nonbonding interface contact (e.g., π−π-stacking) for the successful inclusion of HTMs.