Mass-transport models to predict toxicity of inhaled gases in the upper respiratory tract
Mass-transport models to predict toxicity of inhaled gases in the upper respiratory tract
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DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1415
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发表时间：
1996-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kimbell, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hubal, EAC;Fedkiw, PS;Kimbell, JS
质量传输（化学物质的移动）在确定上呼吸道（URT）对吸入化学物质的毒性反应中起着重要作用。数学剂量学模型结合了质量传输的物理特性，用于预测呼吸道中吸入气体和蒸汽的定量摄取（吸收率）和分布。由于剂量知识是定量风险评估的重要组成部分，因此剂量学建模在将动物研究结果外推到人类方面发挥着重要作用。调查现有的数学剂量学模型的城市轨道交通，目前的模型的局限性进行了讨论，并提出了适应现有的模型，以产生一个普遍适用的模型。审查URT剂量测定模型被归类为早期，集总参数，分布参数模型。其他相关的建模工作的具体例子也被提出。
Mass transport (the movement of a chemical species) plays an important role in determining toxic responses of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to inhaled chemicals. Mathematical dosimetry models incorporate physical characteristics of mass transport and are used to predict quantitative uptake (absorption rate) and distribution of inhaled gases and vapors in the respiratory tract. Because knowledge of dose is an essential component of quantitative risk assessment, dosimetry modeling plays an important role in extrapolation of animal study results to humans. A survey of existing mathematical dosimetry models for the URT is presented, limitations of current models are discussed, and adaptations of existing models to produce a generally applicable model are suggested. Reviewed URT dosimetry models are categorized as early, lumped-parameter, and distributed-parameter models. Specific examples of other relevant modeling work are also presented.