Simulating Tsunami Inundation and Soil Response in a Large Centrifuge
Simulating Tsunami Inundation and Soil Response in a Large Centrifuge
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-47512-x
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发表时间：
2019-07-31
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Yeh, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Exton, M.;Harry, S.;Yeh, H.
海啸是罕见的极端事件，会对沿海基础设施造成重大破坏，而建筑物周围的土壤不稳定往往会加剧这种破坏。在实验室环境中模拟海啸对于进一步了解海啸淹没过程引起的土壤不稳定很重要。实验室模拟是困难的，因为这类过程的规模非常大，因此在传统的水波水槽设施中无法实现小尺度模型的动态相似。在离心机环境中控制体力的能力大大减少了动态相似性中的失配。我们回顾了流体区域和土壤区域在离心机条件下的动态相似。一种专门为探索土壤床上类似海啸的水流的物理现象而设计的新型离心机装置被用来进行实验。目前的1：40模型相当于9.6m深、21m长、14.6m宽的原型土场的几何比例尺。不存在能够在正常重力条件下创造这种条件的实验室设施。随着离心机的使用，我们现在能够模拟和测量具有足够高的水压和流速的海啸般的负载。模型中的压力和流速与原型相同，给出了流-土相互作用的真实条件。
Tsunamis are rare, extreme events and cause significant damage to coastal infrastructure, which is often exacerbated by soil instability surrounding the structures. Simulating tsunamis in a laboratory setting is important to further understand soil instability induced by tsunami inundation processes. Laboratory simulations are difficult because the scale of such processes is very large, hence dynamic similitude cannot be achieved for small-scale models in traditional water-wave-tank facilities. The ability to control the body force in a centrifuge environment considerably reduces the mismatch in dynamic similitude. We review dynamic similitudes under a centrifuge condition for a fluid domain and a soil domain. A novel centrifuge apparatus specifically designed for exploring the physics of a tsunami-like flow on a soil bed is used to perform experiments. The present 1:40 model represents the equivalent geometric scale of a prototype soil field of 9.6 m deep, 21 m long, and 14.6 m wide. A laboratory facility capable of creating such conditions under the normal gravitational condition does not exist. With the use of a centrifuge, we are now able to simulate and measure tsunami-like loading with sufficiently high water pressure and flow velocities. The pressures and flow velocities in the model are identical to those of the prototype yielding realistic conditions of flow-soil interaction.