Using Highlighting to Train Attentional Expertise.
Using Highlighting to Train Attentional Expertise.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0146266
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Busey TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roads B;Mozer MC;Busey TA
获取复杂视觉任务的专业知识是耗时的。为了促进有效的培训新手在哪里看这些任务，我们提出了一个注意突出范式。突出显示涉及动态地调节视觉图像的显著性，以引导注意沿着先前观看过相同图像的领域专家的注视路径。在实验1中，我们训练天真的受试者通过注意力突出的指纹匹配任务。在训练之前和之后，我们要求受试者自由检查包含成对指纹的图像，并确定指纹是否匹配。固定序列自动评分的专业知识程度表现出使用贝叶斯判别模型的新手和专家的凝视行为。突出显示的训练导致凝视行为不仅在训练图像上而且在转移图像上变得更像专家，这表明学习的泛化。在实验2中，为了控制专业知识的增加仅仅是由于暴露的可能性，我们通过突出新手而不是专家的固定序列来训练受试者，并观察到没有向专业知识过渡。在实验3中，为了确定训练效果的特异性，我们用来自图像的专家固定序列训练受试者，而不是正在观看的图像，这保留了专家凝视的粗尺度统计数据，但没有提供有关细粒度特征的信息。观察至少部分过渡到专业知识，我们只获得微弱的证据，突出显示程序有利于学习的关键本地功能。我们讨论可能的改进突出显示程序。
Acquiring expertise in complex visual tasks is time consuming. To facilitate the efficient training of novices on where to look in these tasks, we propose an attentional highlighting paradigm. Highlighting involves dynamically modulating the saliency of a visual image to guide attention along the fixation path of a domain expert who had previously viewed the same image. In Experiment 1, we trained naive subjects via attentional highlighting on a fingerprint-matching task. Before and after training, we asked subjects to freely inspect images containing pairs of prints and determine whether the prints matched. Fixation sequences were automatically scored for the degree of expertise exhibited using a Bayesian discriminative model of novice and expert gaze behavior. Highlighted training causes gaze behavior to become more expert-like not only on the trained images but also on transfer images, indicating generalization of learning. In Experiment 2, to control for the possibility that the increase in expertise is due to mere exposure, we trained subjects via highlighting of fixation sequences from novices, not experts, and observed no transition toward expertise. In Experiment 3, to determine the specificity of the training effect, we trained subjects with expert fixation sequences from images other than the one being viewed, which preserves coarse-scale statistics of expert gaze but provides no information about fine-grain features. Observing at least a partial transition toward expertise, we obtain only weak evidence that the highlighting procedure facilitates the learning of critical local features. We discuss possible improvements to the highlighting procedure.