Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production.
Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production.
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DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308209
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Lewis JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu GD;Compher C;Chen EZ;Smith SA;Shah RD;Bittinger K;Chehoud C;Albenberg LG;Nessel L;Gilroy E;Star J;Weljie AM;Flint HJ;Metz DC;Bennett MJ;Li H;Bushman FD;Lewis JD
农业饮食的消费与降低与“西方化”生活方式相关的许多疾病的风险有关。研究表明，饮食影响肠道微生物群，进而影响代谢组，从而将饮食、微生物群和健康联系起来。然而，饮食对肠道菌群组成的影响程度存在争议。小鼠模型和比较生活在农业社会和西方社会的人类肠道微生物群的研究表明，影响很大。为了将全球环境影响与饮食影响分开，我们对西方社会农业饮食个体的肠道微生物群和宿主代谢组进行了表征。利用16S rrna标记测序以及血浆和尿液代谢组学平台，我们比较了在美国城市环境中取样的健康素食者和杂食者之间的饮食摄入量、肠道微生物群组成和血浆代谢组学。纯素食者的血浆代谢组与杂食者明显不同，但肠道微生物群却惊人地相似。与先前对生活在农业社会的个体的研究不同，素食者中可发酵底物的较高消耗与粪便短链脂肪酸的较高水平无关，这一发现在为期10天的对照喂养实验中得到了证实。同样，能够产生马酚（一种以大豆为基础的肠道微生物代谢物）的素食者的比例比亚洲社会报道的要少，尽管大豆为基础的产品消费量很高。显然，居住在全球不同的社会有助于确定肠道微生物群的组成，进而影响饮食依赖性肠道微生物代谢物的产生。
The consumption of an agrarian diet is associated with a reduced risk for many diseases associated with a ‘Westernised’ lifestyle. Studies suggest that diet affects the gut microbiota, which subsequently influences the metabolome, thereby connecting diet, microbiota and health. However, the degree to which diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota is controversial. Murine models and studies comparing the gut microbiota in humans residing in agrarian versus Western societies suggest that the influence is large. To separate global environmental influences from dietary influences, we characterised the gut microbiota and the host metabolome of individuals consuming an agrarian diet in Western society. Using 16S rRNA-tagged sequencing as well as plasma and urinary metabolomic platforms, we compared measures of dietary intake, gut microbiota composition and the plasma metabolome between healthy human vegans and omnivores, sampled in an urban USA environment. Plasma metabolome of vegans differed markedly from omnivores but the gut microbiota was surprisingly similar. Unlike prior studies of individuals living in agrarian societies, higher consumption of fermentable substrate in vegans was not associated with higher levels of faecal short chain fatty acids, a finding confirmed in a 10-day controlled feeding experiment. Similarly, the proportion of vegans capable of producing equol, a soy-based gut microbiota metabolite, was less than that was reported in Asian societies despite the high consumption of soy-based products. Evidently, residence in globally distinct societies helps determine the composition of the gut microbiota that, in turn, influences the production of diet-dependent gut microbial metabolites.