Study on foraging mechanism of leeches with different feeding habits based on chemoreception and foraging behavior
Study on foraging mechanism of leeches with different feeding habits based on chemoreception and foraging behavior
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基于化学感受和觅食行为的不同食性水蛭的觅食机制研究
DOI：
10.1111/ivb.12390
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发表时间：
2023-02-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Guo，Liyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miao，Yixiu;Guo，Qiaosheng;Guo，Liyuan
蚂蟥和水蛭生活在相似的环境中，但有不同的食性。目前，对不同食性水蛭觅食机制的研究较少。在这项研究中，我们首先使用迷宫测试来证明这两种水蛭可以通过化学感觉活动来定位和区分它们的猎物，而无需机械刺激。然而，两种水蛭的觅食行为不同：pigra移动缓慢，并通过探测和爬行来反复调整方向，以探测猎物（蜗牛）的位置，而H.它们行动迅速，在确定了食物（猪血）的位置后，它们会迅速游到或爬到猎物附近。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，有两种类型的感觉纤毛和孔结构有关的粘液分泌在这两个水蛭的头部。在W的背唇上有两种不同大小的化学感受器。pigra在觅食过程中可能具有不同的功能，而inH. nipponia只有一种化学感受器，它很小。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对这两种水蛭天然食物中的化学成分进行了检测。有934代谢产物在蜗牛的体液和751代谢产物在猪血清中，5个独特的蜗牛的体液和猪血清的代谢产物被筛选为候选的摄食引诱剂。在这些代谢物中，甜菜碱和精氨酸有效地吸引了个体。pigraandH. nipponia，分别。综上所述，不同食性的水蛭在觅食时利用化学感受器感知外界化学信号，且在觅食行为、化学感受器和引诱物方面存在明显的物种间差异。
The leechesWhitmania pigraandHirudo nipponialive in similar environments but have different feeding habits. At present, there are few studies of the foraging mechanism of leeches with different feeding habits. In this study, we first used maze tests to show that these two species of leeches could locate and distinguish their prey through chemosensory activity without mechanical stimulation. However, the two leech species have different foraging behaviors: Individuals ofW. pigramove slowly and repeatedly adjust direction through probing and crawling to detect the location of prey (snails), whereas individuals ofH. nipponiamove quickly, and after determining the location of food (porcine blood), they quickly swim or crawl to the vicinity of their prey. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that there are two types of sensory cilia and pore structures related to mucus secretion in the heads of both leeches. There are two differently sized types of chemoreceptors on the dorsal lip inW. pigra, which may have different functions during foraging, whereas inH. nipponiathere is only one type of chemoreceptor, which is small. We detected the chemical components in the natural food of these two leech species by UHPLC–MS. There were 934 metabolites in the body fluid of snails and 751 metabolites in porcine serum; five metabolites unique to the body fluid of snails and to porcine serum were screened as candidate feeding attractants. Of these metabolites, betaine and arginine effectively attracted individuals ofW. pigraandH. nipponia, respectively. In summary, leeches with different feeding habits use chemoreceptors to sense external chemical signals when foraging, and there are significant differences between species in foraging behavior, chemoreceptors, and attractants.