Unventilated indoor coal-fired stoves in Guizhou province, China: reduction of arsenic exposure through behavior changes resulting from mitigation and health education in populations with arsenicosis.
Unventilated indoor coal-fired stoves in Guizhou province, China: reduction of arsenic exposure through behavior changes resulting from mitigation and health education in populations with arsenicosis.
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中国圭村省的未通风室内燃煤炉子：通过砷中毒人群减轻和健康教育导致的行为变化来减少砷暴露。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9273
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发表时间：
2007-04
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Jing, Zhengjin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
An, Dong;Li, Dasheng;Liang, Yin;Jing, Zhengjin
我们报告了旨在减少中国贵州省三个县砷 (As) 暴露的协调缓解努力的结果。缓解措施于 2005 年实施，覆盖了 21 个拥有 47,000 名居民的村庄，他们通过食用受砷污染的辣椒和在不通风的炉子上烘干的玉米（这些炉子燃烧含有高含量砷的煤炭）而接触到高含量的砷。煤炭是村民从当地的矿坑开采的。吸入含有高浓度砷的空气约占每日砷摄入量 6-9 毫克的 25%。在缓解措施之前，2004 年对 45,364 名居民进行的基线调查发现，超过 2,800 人患有砷中毒。调查还发现，许多居民普遍了解砷对健康的影响，但对煤炭使用与砷中毒之间的联系缺乏深入了解。因此，绝大多数（> 95%）继续使用高砷煤。这项调查为促进生活方式改变的健康教育活动奠定了基础，同时关闭了当地煤矿并安装了 10,000 个带烟囱通风的新炉灶。缓解措施的成本约为 400 万元人民币（50 万美元），大部分由政府资助。 2005年的一项缓解后反应调查发现，目前超过85%的居民将煤炭的使用与砷中毒联系在一起； > 90% 的人正确学会了操作新型通风炉； > 90% 的干玉米和辣椒在户外阳光下晒干。该地区砷中毒个体的尿砷浓度从 2004 年的 0.198 ± 0.300 mg/L (n = 144) 下降到 2005 年的 0.049 ± 0.009 mg/L (n = 50) (p < 0.01)，这与行为变化一致。
We the report results of a coordinated mitigation effort aimed at reducing arsenic (As) exposure in three counties of Guizhou province, China. Mitigation occurred in 2005 and encompassed 21 villages with 47,000 inhabitants, who were exposed to high levels of As in their diet through consumption of As-contaminated chili peppers and corn dried over unventilated stoves that burned coal containing high levels of As. The coal was mined by villagers from local pits. Inhalation of air that contained high levels of As contributed to approximately 25% of the daily As intake of 6–9 mg. Before mitigation, a baseline survey of 45,364 residents in 2004 identified more than 2,800 individuals with arsenicosis. The survey also found that many residents were aware of the health effects of As in general but lacked in-depth understanding of the link between coal use and arsenicosis. Consequently, an overwhelming majority (> 95%) continued to use high-As coal. This survey provided the basis for a health education campaign that promoted lifestyle changes coupled with the shutting down of local coal pits and the installation of 10,000 new stoves with chimneys for ventilation. The cost of the mitigation was about 4 million Yuan RMB (US$500,000) and was financed mostly by the government. A postmitigation response survey in 2005 found that > 85% of the residents now associate the use of coal with arsenicosis; > 90% correctly learned to operate the new ventilated stoves; and > 90% dry corn and chili peppers outdoors in the sun. Urinary As concentrations in the region decreased from 0.198 ± 0.300 mg/L (n = 144) in 2004 to 0.049 ± 0.009 mg/L (n = 50) in 2005 in individuals with arsenicosis (p < 0.01), which is consistent with the behavior changes.