Trends in CHD in the United States.
Trends in CHD in the United States.
复制标题
美国冠心病的趋势。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Thomas Thom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Higgins;Thomas Thom
美国的冠心病(CHD)死亡率在20世纪60年代中期之前一直在上升，然后下降。急性心肌梗死(AMI)、年轻年龄组、白人人群和社会经济水平较高的人群的降幅更大。发病率趋势尚不确定，但住院病死率有所下降。在冠心病的诊断、预防和治疗方面取得了重大进展，内科医生和心脏病医生、急救医疗服务和冠心病护理单元的数量有所增加。针对急、慢性CHD的新的有效的内科和外科治疗方法已被引入。风险因素的减少包括吸烟的减少，特别是男性吸烟的减少，平均收缩压的下降，接受治疗和控制的成年高血压患者比例的上升，以及血浆胆固醇的降低。全脂牛奶、黄油和鸡蛋的消费量下降，而低脂牛奶、食用油、家禽、鱼、蔬菜和水果的消费量增加。然而，肥胖症的患病率有所上升。CHD仍然是主要的死亡原因，随着老年人口的增加和治疗延长CHD患者的生存时间，其患病率预计将上升。
Coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates increased in the United States until the mid 1960s then declined. Declines were greater for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), for younger age groups, for the white population, and for higher socioeconomic groups. Trends in incidence are uncertain but in-hospital fatality rates have decreased. There have been major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CHD, and numbers of internists and cardiologists, emergency medical services, and coronary care units have increased. New potent medical and surgical treatments for acute and chronic CHD have been introduced. Reductions in risk factors include decreases in cigarette smoking especially among men, falls in mean systolic blood pressure, rises in the proportion of hypertensive adults who are treated and controlled, and reductions in plasma cholesterol. Consumption of whole milk, butter, and eggs decreased whereas use of low fat milk, cooking oils, poultry, fish, vegetables, and fruits increased. However, the prevalence of obesity has increased. CHD is still the leading cause of death, and its prevalence is expected to rise as the population increases at older ages and treatment prolongs survival of patients with CHD.