Wealth and Happiness Across the World: Material Prosperity Predicts Life Evaluation, Whereas Psychosocial Prosperity Predicts Positive Feeling
Wealth and Happiness Across the World: Material Prosperity Predicts Life Evaluation, Whereas Psychosocial Prosperity Predicts Positive Feeling
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DOI：
10.1037/a0018066
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Arora, Raksha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diener, Ed;Ng, Weiting;Arora, Raksha
盖洛普世界民意调查是地球上第一个具有代表性的样本，用于探索幸福与高收入相关的原因，包括满足基本需求，满足心理需求，提高对生活水平的满意度，以及公共产品。在地球仪范围内，对数收入与主观幸福感的关系是线性的，但与原始收入的关系是凸性的，这表明收入对主观幸福感的边际效应在下降。收入是生活评价的一个中等强度的预测因子，但对积极和消极情绪的预测要弱得多。拥有奢侈便利和对生活水平的满意度也是生活评价的强预测因子。虽然基本需求和心理需求的满足在一定程度上中介了收入对生活评价的影响，但生活水平和便利设施的拥有权提供了最强的中介作用。相比之下，情感与满足心理需求最相关：学习，自主，使用自己的技能，尊重以及在紧急情况下依靠他人的能力。因此，两种不同类型的繁荣经济和社会心理最好地预测不同类型的福祉。
The Gallup World Poll, the first representative sample of planet Earth, was used to explore the reasons why happiness is associated with higher income, including the meeting of basic needs, fulfillment of psychological needs, increasing satisfaction with one's standard of living, and public goods. Across the globe, the association of log income with subjective well-being was linear but convex with raw income, indicating the declining marginal effects of income on subjective well-being. Income was a moderately strong predictor of life evaluation but a much weaker predictor of positive and negative feelings. Possessing luxury conveniences and satisfaction with standard of living were also strong predictors of life evaluation. Although the meeting of basic and psychological needs mediated the effects of income on life evaluation to some degree, the strongest mediation was provided by standard of living and ownership of conveniences. In contrast, feelings were most associated with the fulfillment of psychological needs: learning, autonomy, using one's skills, respect, and the ability to count on others in an emergency. Thus, two separate types of prosperity economic and social psychological best predict different types of well-being.