The role of regulatory mechanisms for control of plant diseases and food security-case studies from potato production in Britain
The role of regulatory mechanisms for control of plant diseases and food security-case studies from potato production in Britain
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植物病害控制和粮食安全监管机制的作用——英国马铃薯生产案例研究
DOI：
10.1007/s12571-010-0073-4
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Dehnen-Schmutz K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dehnen-Schmutz K
意识到植物病害对粮食安全的潜在破坏性影响，各国政府制定并实施了植物健康立法，以防止或抑制最严重的影响。在英国，以及后来在欧洲，这种政策的发展与马铃薯部门发生的疾病事件密切相关。我们分析了早期和当前的例子，在英国马铃薯疾病的政策，以确定决策过程，导致这种植物检疫政策的实施，以及他们如何随着时间的推移，并在应对不同的疾病威胁。制定和实施植物检疫政策的原因包括希望防止病原体传入（进入并在新的地区定居）、保护出口市场以及缺乏有效的控制措施。监管政策不适当的情况可能包括疾病已经广泛传播、不可接受的费用、缺乏排除措施或疾病诊断困难等情况。我们的结论是，在过去的一百年里，政府的政策在保护英国马铃薯种植方面发挥了很好的作用，尽管这里讨论的一些政策失败了。它们还为制定其他作物的植物健康政策作出了很大贡献。自愿种植者倡议是一种新的机制，补充了现有的正规政策，增加了安全保障，使个体种植者能够承担更多的责任，而不是完全依赖政府立法。
Being aware of the potentially devastating impacts of plant diseases on food security, governments have designed and employ plant health legislation to prevent or inhibit the worst impacts. The development of such policies in Britain, and latterly in Europe, can be closely linked to disease events that have occurred in the potato sector. We analyse early and current examples of policies governing potato diseases in Britain to identify the decision processes leading to the implementation of such phytosanitary policies and how they have evolved over time and in response to different disease threats. Reasons for developing and implementing phytosanitary policies include the desire to prevent pathogens being introduced (entering and establishing in a new area), the protection of export markets, and the lack of effective control measures. Circumstances in which regulatory policies would not be appropriate could include situations where a disease is already widely distributed, unacceptable costs, lack of exclusion measures, or difficulties of disease diagnosis. We conclude that in general, government policies have worked well in protecting British potato growing over the last one hundred years, despite of the failures of some of the policies discussed here. They have also contributed much to the development of plant health policies for other crops. Voluntary grower initiatives are a new mechanism complementing existing formal policies with an additional level of security that allows individual growers to take on additional responsibility rather than relying entirely on government legislation.