Assessing coughing-induced influenza droplet transmission and implications for infection risk control
Assessing coughing-induced influenza droplet transmission and implications for infection risk control
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DOI：
10.1017/s0950268815001739
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Liao, C. -M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Y. -H.;Wang, C. -H.;Liao, C. -M.
携带流感病毒的呼吸道飞沫在人体内的室内传播对呼吸功能恶化和死亡具有很高的风险。因此，我们的目标是建立一个基于吸入/呼出飞沫与通风空气中空气传播动力学之间关系的流感感染风险量化框架。为了更好地了解潜在的流感传播，进行了一项实验，以测量咳嗽产生的含流感飞沫的大小分布。本研究结合流感种群传播动力学、人类呼吸道模型和控制措施方法来研究室内环境-病毒-宿主相互作用。采用概率风险模型评估室内潜在传染性流感飞沫的大小特异性感染风险。我们的研究结果发现，0.3-0.4 μ m的小尺寸流感飞沫的基本繁殖数（R-0）超过1的概率为50%，这意味着人类室内感染的潜在高风险。然而，公共卫生干预措施与加强通风相结合，可大大遏制室内流感感染。此外，目前的动态模拟和控制措施评估提供了见解，为什么室内传染性流感飞沫引起的感染不仅发生在上肺区域，而且发生在下呼吸道，通常不被认为有感染风险。
Indoor transmission of respiratory droplets bearing influenza within humans poses high risks to respiratory function deterioration and death. Therefore, we aimed to develop a framework for quantifying the influenza infection risk based on the relationships between inhaled/exhaled respiratory droplets and airborne transmission dynamics in a ventilated airspace. An experiment was conducted to measure the size distribution of influenza-containing droplets produced by coughing for a better understanding of potential influenza spread. Here we integrated influenza population transmission dynamics, a human respiratory tract model, and a control measure approach to examine the indoor environment-virus-host interactions. A probabilistic risk model was implemented to assess size-specific infection risk for potentially transmissible influenza droplets indoors. Our results found that there was a 50% probability of the basic reproduction number (R-0) exceeding 1 for small-size influenza droplets of 0.3-0.4 mu m, implicating a potentially high indoor infection risk to humans. However, a combination of public health interventions with enhanced ventilation could substantially contain indoor influenza infection. Moreover, the present dynamic simulation and control measure assessment provide insights into why indoor transmissible influenza droplet-induced infection is occurring not only in upper lung regions but also in the lower respiratory tract, not normally considered at infection risk.