The Global Burden of Cancer 2013.
The Global Burden of Cancer 2013.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
28.4
通讯作者：
Naghavi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration;Fitzmaurice C;Dicker D;Pain A;Hamavid H;Moradi-Lakeh M;MacIntyre MF;Allen C;Hansen G;Woodbrook R;Wolfe C;Hamadeh RR;Moore A;Werdecker A;Gessner BD;Te Ao B;McMahon B;Karimkhani C;Yu C;Cooke GS;Schwebel DC;Carpenter DO;Pereira DM;Nash D;Kazi DS;De Leo D;Plass D;Ukwaja KN;Thurston GD;Yun Jin K;Simard EP;Mills E;Park EK;Catalá-López F;deVeber G;Gotay C;Khan G;Hosgood HD 3rd;Santos IS;Leasher JL;Singh J;Leigh J;Jonas JB;Sanabria J;Beardsley J;Jacobsen KH;Takahashi K;Franklin RC;Ronfani L;Montico M;Naldi L;Tonelli M;Geleijnse J;Petzold M;Shrime MG;Younis M;Yonemoto N;Breitborde N;Yip P;Pourmalek F;Lotufo PA;Esteghamati A;Hankey GJ;Ali R;Lunevicius R;Malekzadeh R;Dellavalle R;Weintraub R;Lucas R;Hay R;Rojas-Rueda D;Westerman R;Sepanlou SG;Nolte S;Patten S;Weichenthal S;Abera SF;Fereshtehnejad SM;Shiue I;Driscoll T;Vasankari T;Alsharif U;Rahimi-Movaghar V;Vlassov VV;Marcenes WS;Mekonnen W;Melaku YA;Yano Y;Artaman A;Campos I;MacLachlan J;Mueller U;Kim D;Trillini M;Eshrati B;Williams HC;Shibuya K;Dandona R;Murthy K;Cowie B;Amare AT;Antonio CA;Castañeda-Orjuela C;van Gool CH;Violante F;Oh IH;Deribe K;Soreide K;Knibbs L;Kereselidze M;Green M;Cardenas R;Roy N;Tillmann T;Li Y;Krueger H;Monasta L;Dey S;Sheikhbahaei S;Hafezi-Nejad N;Kumar GA;Sreeramareddy CT;Dandona L;Wang H;Vollset SE;Mokdad A;Salomon JA;Lozano R;Vos T;Forouzanfar M;Lopez A;Murray C;Naghavi M
癌症是全世界的主要死亡原因之一。目前对个别国家和地区癌症负担的估计是必要的，以告知当地的癌症控制策略。估计1990年至2013年期间按性别划分的188个国家28种癌症的死亡率、发病率、残疾生存年（YLD）、寿命损失年（YLL）和残疾调整生命年（DALLS）。使用了2013年全球疾病负担研究的一般方法。癌症登记是癌症发病率数据以及死亡率（MI）比率的来源。死因数据的来源包括生命登记系统数据、死因推断研究和其他来源。MI比率用于将发病率数据转换为死亡率估计值，并将死亡原因估计值转换为发病率估计值。使用MI比率作为生存数据的替代物来估计癌症患病率; YLD通过将患病率估计值乘以残疾权重来计算，残疾权重来自基于人口的调查; YLL通过将每个年龄段的估计癌症死亡人数乘以参考预期寿命来计算; DALLS计算为YLD和YLL之和。2013年有1490万例癌症病例，820万例死亡，1.963亿例死亡。前列腺癌是男性癌症发病率（140万）和女性乳腺癌发病率（180万）的主要原因。气管、支气管和肺癌（TBL）是男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因，有160万人死亡。对于男性来说，TBL癌症是导致糖尿病的主要原因（2490万）。对妇女来说，乳腺癌是导致残疾的主要原因（1 310万人）。2013年，发展中国家的胃癌每10万人的标准化发病率（ASIR）和每10万人的年龄标准化死亡率（ASDR）均高于发达国家（ASIR，17 vs 14; ASDR，15 vs 11），肝癌（ASIR，15 vs 7; ASDR，16 vs 7），食管癌（ASIR，9比4; ASDR，9比4），宫颈癌（ASIR，8对5; ASDR，4对2），唇和口腔癌（ASIR，7对6; ASDR，2对2）和鼻咽癌（ASIR，1.5对0.4; ASDR，1.2对0.3）。1990年至2013年间，113个国家的所有癌症综合ASIR（非黑色素瘤皮肤癌和卡波西肉瘤除外）增加了10%以上，而188个国家中的12个国家则减少了10%以上。癌症对全世界的公共健康构成重大威胁，自1990年以来，大多数国家的发病率都有所上升。这一趋势对发展中国家构成了特别的威胁，这些国家的卫生系统不足以应对复杂而昂贵的癌症治疗。全球癌症负担年度更新将为所有利益攸关方提供及时的估计，以指导癌症预防、筛查、治疗和缓解方面的政策努力。
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers in 188 countries by sex from 1990 to 2013. The general methodology of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used. Cancer registries were the source for cancer incidence data as well as mortality incidence (MI) ratios. Sources for cause of death data include vital registration system data, verbal autopsy studies, and other sources. The MI ratios were used to transform incidence data to mortality estimates and cause of death estimates to incidence estimates. Cancer prevalence was estimated using MI ratios as surrogates for survival data; YLDs were calculated by multiplying prevalence estimates with disability weights, which were derived from population-based surveys; YLLs were computed by multiplying the number of estimated cancer deaths at each age with a reference life expectancy; and DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. In 2013 there were 14.9 million incident cancer cases, 8.2 million deaths, and 196.3 million DALYs. Prostate cancer was the leading cause for cancer incidence (1.4 million) for men and breast cancer for women (1.8 million). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer was the leading cause for cancer death in men and women, with 1.6 million deaths. For men, TBL cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (24.9 million). For women, breast cancer was the leading cause of DALYs (13.1 million). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100 000 and age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100 000 for both sexes in 2013 were higher in developing vs developed countries for stomach cancer (ASIR, 17 vs 14; ASDR, 15 vs 11), liver cancer (ASIR, 15 vs 7; ASDR, 16 vs 7), esophageal cancer (ASIR, 9 vs 4; ASDR, 9 vs 4), cervical cancer (ASIR, 8 vs 5; ASDR, 4 vs 2), lip and oral cavity cancer (ASIR, 7 vs 6; ASDR, 2 vs 2), and nasopharyngeal cancer (ASIR, 1.5 vs 0.4; ASDR, 1.2 vs 0.3). Between 1990 and 2013, ASIRs for all cancers combined (except nonmelanoma skin cancer and Kaposi sarcoma) increased by more than 10% in 113 countries and decreased by more than 10% in 12 of 188 countries. Cancer poses a major threat to public health worldwide, and incidence rates have increased in most countries since 1990. The trend is a particular threat to developing nations with health systems that are ill-equipped to deal with complex and expensive cancer treatments. The annual update on the Global Burden of Cancer will provide all stakeholders with timely estimates to guide policy efforts in cancer prevention, screening, treatment, and palliation.