Pattern formation in a driven Bose–Einstein condensate
Pattern formation in a driven Bose–Einstein condensate
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-020-0839-3
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Zhendong Zhang;Kai-Xuan Yao;Lei Feng;Jiazhong Hu;C. Chin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhendong Zhang;Kai-Xuan Yao;Lei Feng;Jiazhong Hu;C. Chin
图案的形成在自然界的所有尺度上都是普遍存在的，从形态发生和云的形成到星系的形成。均匀系统中的模式如何出现是跨学科研究的基本问题，包括流体力学，凝聚态物理，非线性光学，宇宙学和生物化学。典型的例子，如Rayleigh-Bénard对流卷和法拉第波，已被广泛研究，并发现了许多应用。这些知识如何应用于量子系统以及量子系统中的模式是否可以控制仍然是有趣的问题。在这里，我们表明，密度模式与二（D2），四（D4）和六重（D 6）对称性可以出现在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的需求时，原子的相互作用在多个频率调制。特别是D 6模式，产生于共振波混合过程，该过程建立了尊重对称性的激发的相位相干性。我们的实验探索了量子气体中一类新的非平衡现象，以及制备具有所需关联的量子态的新途径。
Pattern formation is ubiquitous in nature at all scales, from morphogenesis and cloud formation to galaxy filamentation. How patterns emerge in a homogeneous system is a fundamental question across interdisciplinary research including hydrodynamics, condensed matter physics, nonlinear optics, cosmology and bio-chemistry,. Paradigmatic examples, such as Rayleigh–Bénard convection rolls and Faraday waves,, have been studied extensively and found numerous applications, –. How such knowledge applies to quantum systems and whether the patterns in a quantum system can be controlled remain intriguing questions. Here we show that the density patterns with two- (D2), four- (D4) and six-fold (D6) symmetries can emerge in Bose–Einstein condensates on demand when the atomic interactions are modulated at multiple frequencies. TheD6pattern, in particular, arises from a resonant wave-mixing process that establishes phase coherence of the excitations that respect the symmetry. Our experiments explore a novel class of non-equilibrium phenomena in quantum gases, as well as a new route to prepare quantum states with desired correlations.