E-Cigarettes: A Review of New Trends in Cannabis Use.
E-Cigarettes: A Review of New Trends in Cannabis Use.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph120809988
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发表时间：
2015-08-21
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Favrat B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giroud C;de Cesare M;Berthet A;Varlet V;Concha-Lozano N;Favrat B
电子烟（e-cigs）的出现为吸食大麻的人提供了一种吸入大麻素的新方法。电子烟与传统的大麻香烟在几个方面有所不同。首先，假设在较低温度下蒸发大麻素更安全，因为它产生的有毒物质比大麻香烟的热燃烧少。娱乐性大麻使用者可以分散地“吸”除臭大麻提取物，这对周围的人来说是最小的烦恼，也更少被发现的机会。除了这些安全问题外，围绕电子烟液的监管情况往往不明确。更简单的磨碎的大麻花头或浓缩的油性四氢大麻酚提取物（如丁烷蜂蜜油或BHO）可以在专门设计的，钢笔大小的大麻汽化器中蒸发。对一种富含大麻二酚的商业电子烟液的分析表明，它所含的活性成分剂量比广告中要小；然而，对我们实验室制造的纯化BHO进行的测试证实，它可以在电子烟中蒸发，以释放一种精神活性剂量的四氢大麻酚。由于缺乏全面、有力的科学研究，吸这些大麻制剂对健康的具体影响在很大程度上仍然是未知和推测的。最严重的健康问题涉及儿童和青少年吸食大麻素。电子烟可以为年轻人提供吸食大麻的另一种途径。此外，吸食大麻素可能会导致环境污染和被动污染。
The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling cannabinoids. E-cigs differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several respects. First, it is assumed that vaporizing cannabinoids at lower temperatures is safer because it produces smaller amounts of toxic substances than the hot combustion of a marijuana cigarette. Recreational cannabis users can discretely “vape” deodorized cannabis extracts with minimal annoyance to the people around them and less chance of detection. There are nevertheless several drawbacks worth mentioning: although manufacturing commercial (or homemade) cannabinoid-enriched electronic liquids (e-liquids) requires lengthy, complex processing, some are readily on the Internet despite their lack of quality control, expiry date, and conditions of preservation and, above all, any toxicological and clinical assessment. Besides these safety problems, the regulatory situation surrounding e-liquids is often unclear. More simply ground cannabis flowering heads or concentrated, oily THC extracts (such as butane honey oil or BHO) can be vaped in specially designed, pen-sized marijuana vaporizers. Analysis of a commercial e-liquid rich in cannabidiol showed that it contained a smaller dose of active ingredient than advertised; testing our laboratory-made, purified BHO, however, confirmed that it could be vaped in an e-cig to deliver a psychoactive dose of THC. The health consequences specific to vaping these cannabis preparations remain largely unknown and speculative due to the absence of comprehensive, robust scientific studies. The most significant health concerns involve the vaping of cannabinoids by children and teenagers. E-cigs could provide an alternative gateway to cannabis use for young people. Furthermore, vaping cannabinoids could lead to environmental and passive contamination.