ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts.
ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts.
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15856
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Hanke, Guy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foyer, Christine H.;Hanke, Guy
关键词：
活性氧 (ROS)，如单线态氧、超氧化物 (O2 ●−) 和过氧化氢 (H2O2) 是活细胞的标记。产氧光合作用产生大量的活性氧，它可以作为功能性电子传输系统和新陈代谢的读数。光合作用活性氧的产生是叶绿体到细胞核逆行信号传导的主要驱动力的概念已嵌入文献中，叶绿体作为环境传感器的作用也是如此。光合电子传递链 (PETC) 的不同复合物和成分调节与光能可用性和基于基质 Cys 的氧化还原系统的氧化还原状态相关的 O2 ●− 产生。叶绿体中产生的所有 ROS 都有可能充当信号，并且叶绿体中存在许多含巯基的蛋白质和肽，有可能充当 H2O2 传感器并在信号转导中发挥作用。虽然 ROS 可能直接从叶绿体移出到其他细胞区室，但只有在 ROS 产生位点或附近存在适当的 ROS 传感蛋白时，ROS 信号通路才能被触发。叶绿体抗氧化系统要么传播这些信号，要么去除无法在信号传导中有效利用的过量活性氧。关键的挑战是了解如何组织从 PETC 到基于 Cys 的氧化还原机制的受控 ROS 传递，以将氧化还原信号从环境传输到细胞核。与基质碳水化合物代谢相关的氧化还原变化也在叶绿体信号通路中发挥关键作用。叶绿体是活性氧 (ROS) 的主要产生者，活性氧是叶绿体和细胞核之间通讯的重要信号。光合电子传递链 (PETC) 已经发展到控制 RO 的产生，从而限制附带损害，同时促进基本的信号传导功能。我们考虑叶绿体中 ROS 生产和加工的当前概念，强调我们当前知识的新方向和差距。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2 ●−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2 ●− production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys‐based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl‐containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS‐sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys‐based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways. Chloroplasts are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are important signals in the communication between the chloroplasts and the nucleus. The photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) has evolved to control ROs production and thus limit collateral damage while facilitating essential signalling functions. We consider current concepts of ROS production and processing in chloroplasts, highlighting new directions and gaps in our current knowledge.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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