Fracture surface energy of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system
Fracture surface energy of the Punchbowl fault, San Andreas system
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DOI：
10.1038/nature03942
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发表时间：
2005-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
J. Chester;F. Chester;A. Kronenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Chester;F. Chester;A. Kronenberg
断裂能是形成地震破裂面所需的潜热的一种形式，与控制破裂传播和滑动弱化过程的参数有关。断裂能已经从地震学和岩石变形实验数据中估算出来，，在这里，我们量化的Punchbowl故障，一个大位移的折返故障，在圣安德烈亚斯断层系统的结构观测，并表明，所需的能量，以创建断裂面面积的故障是约300倍以上的地震学估计将预测一个单一的大地震。如果断裂能完全归因于断裂面的产生，那么Punchbowl断层的所有断裂面区域都可能是由总位移小于1 km的地震产生的。但这只占总能量预算的一小部分，因此，额外的过程可能有助于地震破裂期间的滑动弱化。
Fracture energy is a form of latent heat required to create an earthquake rupture surface and is related to parameters governing rupture propagation and processes of slip weakening,,. Fracture energy has been estimated from seismological and experimental rock deformation data,,,,, yet its magnitude, mechanisms of rupture surface formation and processes leading to slip weakening are not well defined,,. Here we quantify structural observations of the Punchbowl fault, a large-displacement exhumed fault,in the San Andreas fault system, and show that the energy required to create the fracture surface area in the fault is about 300 times greater than seismological estimates would predict for a single large earthquake. If fracture energy is attributed entirely to the production of fracture surfaces, then all of the fracture surface area in the Punchbowl fault could have been produced by earthquake displacements totalling <1 km. But this would only account for a small fraction of the total energy budget, and therefore additional processes probably contributed to slip weakening during earthquake rupture.