Community-Based Management of Amazonian Biodiversity Assets
Community-Based Management of Amazonian Biodiversity Assets
复制标题
亚马逊生物多样性资产的社区管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Peres
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Campos‐Silva;J. Hawes;C. Freitas;P. C. M. Andrade;C. Peres
亚马逊是地球上最大的森林系统，支持着各种土著社会、小农、采掘者和个体渔民，他们有着不同的文化和与野生动物的关系。然而，在过去的30年里，巴西亚马逊地区已经失去了超过43.6万平方公里的森林，保护区可能不足以确保生物多样性和文化遗产的保护。另一方面，与农村居民的正式联盟可以分散资源管理，加强全职监督系统，降低总体成本，提高保护效果。在此，我们对巴西亚马逊地区两个最大的社区管理（CBM）项目进行了评估，这两个项目在大范围内产生了强大的社会和生态效益。首先，我们展示了巨骨舌鱼的CBM带来的好处，它促进了世界上最大的淡水鳞鱼（巨骨舌鱼科）种群数量的显著恢复，为亚马逊洪泛区的农村生计带来了收入和其他好处。其次，我们发现淡水龟（Podocnemis spp.）的CBM也促进了过度开发的海龟种群的恢复，有助于维护重要的文化价值。我们还确定了一套社会和制度原则，以及自然资源的内在价值，这些有助于制定成功的信任措施项目。最后，我们讨论这些原则如何加强现有的倡议和/或激发新的倡议。协调生物多样性保护和当地农村发展的愿望是亚马逊地区迫切的社会生态需求。提高成功举措的知名度可以成为一项强有力的战略，向能够支持扩大这些成功模式的地方和国际机构传播希望和行动的信息。
The Amazon is the largest forest system on Earth, supporting a variety of indigenous societies, small farmers, extractivists, and artisanal fishers with different cultures and relations with wildlife. However, the Brazilian Amazon has lost more than 436,000 km2 of forest in the last 30 years, and Protected Areas may not be enough to ensure the conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage. On the other hand, formal alliances with rural inhabitants can decentralize resource management, strengthen full-time surveillance systems, reduce overall costs, and boost conservation effectiveness. Here, we provide an assessment of the two largest community-based management (CBM) programs in the Brazilian Amazon, which are inducing strong social and ecological benefits at a large scale. First, we show the benefits from CBM of giant arapaima, which has promoted an impressive stock recovery of the world’s largest freshwater scaled fish (Arapaima spp.), generating income and other benefits for rural livelihoods in Amazonian floodplains. Second, we show that CBM of freshwater turtles (Podocnemis spp.) has also promoted the population recovery of overexploited turtles, contributing to the maintenance of important cultural values. We also identified a set of social and institutional principles, and the intrinsic values of natural resources, which can help develop successful CBM programs. Finally, we discuss how these principles can strengthen existing initiatives and/or inspire new ones. Reconciling biodiversity conservation and local aspirations for rural development is an urgent socioecological demand in Amazonia. Raising the profile of successful initiatives can be a powerful strategy to disseminate a message of hope and action to local and international agencies that can support the scaling up of these successful models.