A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system
A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Kulmala, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carslaw, K. S.;Boucher, O.;Kulmala, M.
自然环境是大气气溶胶的主要来源，包括沙尘、陆地生物源排放产生的二次有机物质、野火产生的碳质颗粒以及海洋浮游植物二甲基硫排放产生的硫酸盐。这些气溶胶对地球系统的许多组成部分也有重大影响，例如大气辐射平衡和进入生物圈的光合有效辐射、海洋的营养物质供应以及冰雪的反照率。产生这些气溶胶的物理和生物系统可能极易因气候变化而发生改变，因此存在重要的气候反馈潜力。我们基于观测和模型综述了这些自然系统对大气气溶胶的影响，包括排放的长期变化潜力以及对气候的反馈。变化的驱动因素数量众多，且各个系统之间紧密耦合。因此，很少有研究将各种影响综合起来以估算气候反馈因子。然而，现有的观测和模型研究表明，由于未来气候中这些自然气溶胶排放的变化，区域辐射扰动可能达到每平方米数瓦。仅考虑自然气溶胶大气含量变化的直接辐射效应，而忽略对地球系统其他部分可能产生的巨大影响，到本世纪末，全球平均辐射扰动可能接近1瓦/平方米。对气候驱动因素、相互作用和影响的科学认识水平非常低。
The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m(-2) is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.