Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Cigarette Smoking: A Direct Comparison of Toxicant Exposure and Subjective Effects
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Cigarette Smoking: A Direct Comparison of Toxicant Exposure and Subjective Effects
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntq212
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Eissenberg, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cobb, Caroline O.;Shihadeh, Alan;Eissenberg, Thomas
水烟在全世界范围内越来越多，许多使用者认为水烟的危害和成瘾性比吸烟小。事实上，水烟和香烟烟雾含有许多相同的化学物质，使用者暴露于产生依赖性的药物尼古丁以及其他烟雾有毒物质。这两种烟草使用方法的主观效应特征尚未直接比较，尽管这些信息与了解依赖性发展的风险有关。54名报告吸烟和水烟的参与者完成了245分钟的平衡会话，其中他们完成了一次水烟使用事件（平均吸烟时间= 43.3分钟）或一支香烟（平均= 6.1分钟）。结果测量包括血浆尼古丁、碳氧血红蛋白（COHb）和主观效应，包括那些与预测依赖性潜力相关的因素。平均（+/- SEM）血浆尼古丁峰值浓度在不同时段没有差异（水管= 9.8 +/- 1.0 ng/ml;香烟= 9.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml）。平均峰值COHb浓度差异显著（水管= 4.5% +/- 0.3%;香烟= 1.2% +/- 0.1%）。水管和香烟的主观效应变化在幅度上相当，但水管的寿命往往更长。相对于香烟，水管烟草吸烟与相似的尼古丁暴露峰值、3.75倍的COHb和56倍的吸入烟雾量相关。水管和香烟影响了许多相同的主观效果的措施。这些研究结果与结论一致，即水烟吸烟存在依赖，疾病和死亡的重大风险，并且可以将其纳入预防干预措施，这可能有助于阻止更多的青少年和年轻人尝试几乎肯定致命的烟草使用方法。
Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing worldwide and is believed by many users to be less harmful and addictive than cigarette smoking. In fact, waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoke contain many of the same chemicals, and users are exposed to the dependence-producing drug nicotine as well as other smoke toxicants. The subjective effect profile of these 2 tobacco use methods has not been compared directly, though this information is relevant to understanding the risk of dependence development.Fifty-four participants who reported waterpipe and cigarette smoking completed 2, 45-min, counter-balanced sessions in which they completed a waterpipe use episode (mean smoking time = 43.3 min) or a cigarette (mean = 6.1 min). Outcome measures included plasma nicotine, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and subjective effects, including those relevant to predicting dependence potential.Mean (+/- SEM) peak plasma nicotine concentration did not differ by session (waterpipe = 9.8 +/- 1.0 ng/ml; cigarette = 9.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml). Mean peak COHb concentration differed significantly (waterpipe = 4.5% +/- 0.3%; cigarette = 1.2% +/- 0.1%). Subjective effect changes for waterpipe and cigarette were comparable in magnitude but often longer lived for waterpipe.Relative to a cigarette, waterpipe tobacco smoking was associated with similar peak nicotine exposure, 3.75-fold greater COHb, and 56-fold greater inhaled smoke volume. Waterpipe and cigarette influenced many of the same subjective effect measures. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that waterpipe tobacco smoking presents substantial risk of dependence, disease, and death, and they can be incorporated into prevention interventions that might help deter more adolescents and young adults from experimenting with an almost certainly lethal method of tobacco use.