Reconstruction of seismic faulting by high-velocity friction experiments: An example of the 1995 Kobe earthquake
Reconstruction of seismic faulting by high-velocity friction experiments: An example of the 1995 Kobe earthquake
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DOI：
10.1029/2006gl027931
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发表时间：
2007-01-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Fukuyama, Eiichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mizoguchi, Kazuo;Hirose, Takehiro;Fukuyama, Eiichi
从1995年科比地震期间激活的野岛断层采集的断层泥的高速摩擦实验表明，摩擦系数从0.63下降到0.18超过滑动减弱距离，D-c，在类似于1 m/s的高滑动速率。摩擦系数的急剧下降超过0.3，这与根据地震观测估计的科比地震相一致。实验测定的D-c在1.85 MPa的较高正应力下变为5 m，接近地震测定的D-c的量级（0.5 ~ 1 m）。D-c的差异并不显著，因为对于两种情况，在摩擦滑动期间消耗的断裂能是10（6）N/m的相同数量级。在这里，我们表明，摩擦行为的断层在地震期间可以预测进行高速摩擦实验。
High-velocity friction experiments on a fault gouge collected from the Nojima fault activated during the 1995 Kobe earthquake showed that the friction coefficient decreased from 0.63 to 0.18 over a slip weakening distance, D-c, at high slip rates of similar to 1 m/s. The dramatic drop in friction coefficient of more than 0.3 is consistent with that for the Kobe earthquake estimated from seismological observations. Experimentally determined D-c becomes 5 m at a higher normal stress of 1.85 MPa, close to the order of magnitude of seismologically determined D-c of 0.5 to 1 m. The difference in D-c is not significant because the fracture energy consumed during frictional slip is the same order of 10(6) N/m for both cases. Here we show that frictional behavior of a fault during an earthquake can be predicted by conducting high-velocity friction experiments.