The grammar of knowledge : a cross-linguistic typology
The grammar of knowledge : a cross-linguistic typology
复制标题
知识语法：跨语言类型学
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198701316.001.0001
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
R. Dixon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Aikhenvald;R. Dixon
知识语法提供了一个语言学和人类学的角度来表达信息来源，以及推断，假设，概率和可能性，以及怀疑和信仰的层次在一系列语言。这本书调查了12种不同的语言，包括藏缅语、那克-达吉斯坦语和南岛语，所有这些语言都有一个共同的特点，即要求在每句话中指定信息来源。在这些语言中，可能不可能仅仅说“那个人去钓鱼了”。相反，还必须具体说明陈述的证据来源，通常是通过使用证据标记。例如，可能有必要表明说话者是否看到该男子去钓鱼;是否只是假设该男子去钓鱼;或者是否是第三方告诉他去钓鱼的。一些语言，如Hinuq和Tatar，区分第一手和非第一手信息来源;其他语言，如Ersu，标记三种不同类型的信息-直接需要，推断或假设，和报告。有些甚至需要更高级别的规格：来自南美的Asheninka Perene有一个特定的标记来表达怀疑或疑虑。与本系列其他书一样，本书阐述并考察了不同文化和语言环境中语言的这些方面。它将吸引所有语言学家和有语言学头脑的人类学家。
The Grammar of Knowledge offers both a linguistic and anthropological perspective on the expression of information sources, as well as inferences, assumptions, probability and possibility, and gradations of doubt and beliefs in a range of languages. The book investigates twelve different languages, from families including Tibeto-Burman, Nakh-Dagestani, and Austronesian, all of which share the property of requiring the source of information to be specified in every sentence. In these languages, it may not be possible to say merely that 'the man went fishing'. Instead, the source of evidence for the statement must also be specified, usually through the use of evidential markers. For example, it may be necessary to indicate whether the speaker saw the man go fishing; has simply assumed that the man went fishing; or was told that he went fishing by a third party. Some languages, such as Hinuq and Tatar, distinguish between first-hand and non first-hand information sources; others, such as Ersu, mark three distinct types of information - directly required, inferred or assumed, and reported. Some require an even greater level of specification: Asheninka Perene, from South America, has a specific marker to express suspicions or misgivings. Like others in the series, the book illustrates and examines these aspects of language in different cultural and linguistic settings. It will interest linguists of all persuasions as well as linguistically-minded anthropologists.