Programming by manipulation for layout
Programming by manipulation for layout
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通过布局操作进行编程
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kimiko Ryokai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thibaud Hottelier;Rastislav Bodík;Kimiko Ryokai
我们通过操纵介绍了一种编程，该编程是一种针对非程序员的新的编程方法，用于指定数据可视化的布局。我们解决了用约束编程时出现的两个错误的中心来源：歧义和冲突（不一致）。我们通过设计和利用歧义来探索可能的布局设计来排除冲突。我们的用户通过强调当前设计的不良方面，有效地打破了虚假的约束并通过提供一些元素自由移动或调整大小来引入歧义来设计布局。随后，该工具通过计算如何使用可用约束来固定自由元素来指示如何删除歧义。为了支持此工作流程，我们的工具计算歧义并以视觉上总结它。我们通过两个用户研究来评估我们的工作，表明非程序员和程序员都可以有效地使用我们的原型。我们的结果表明，我们的工具比有限的直接编程更有生产力。
We present Programming by Manipulation, a new programming methodology for specifying the layout of data visualizations, targeted at non-programmers. We address the two central sources of bugs that arise when programming with constraints: ambiguities and conflicts (inconsistencies). We rule out conflicts by design and exploit ambiguity to explore possible layout designs. Our users design layouts by highlighting undesirable aspects of a current design, effectively breaking spurious constraints and introducing ambiguity by giving some elements freedom to move or resize. Subsequently, the tool indicates how the ambiguity can be removed, by computing how the free elements can be fixed with available constraints. To support this workflow, our tool computes the ambiguity and summarizes it visually. We evaluate our work with two user-studies demonstrating that both non-programmers and programmers can effectively use our prototype. Our results suggest that our tool is 5-times more productive than direct programming with constraints.