Lack of Means or Loss of Will? The United Kingdom and the Decolonization of Hong Kong, 1957–1967
Lack of Means or Loss of Will? The United Kingdom and the Decolonization of Hong Kong, 1957–1967
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缺乏资金还是丧失意志？英国与香港的非殖民化，1957-1967
DOI：
10.1080/07075332.2009.9641148
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chi
战后大英帝国长期而复杂的解体，是殖民地政治、大都市的软弱与国际压力相互作用的结果。外围的政治动荡向大都市展示了一方面维持控制的成本，另一方面将权力转移给“温和”的土著领导人的好处。因此，英国的大臣和官员们通过将一个正式的帝国转变为非正式的势力范围，来应对国内接连发生的经济和金融危机。[1]哈罗德·威尔逊政府在1964年至1968年期间进行的一系列防务评估导致1971年从苏伊士以东的马来西亚、新加坡和波斯湾撤军。[2]苏伊士以东的一个殖民地似乎可以免于非殖民化--香港。在1839年至1842年的第一次鸦片战争中，英国击败了当时在满族统治下的中国，并“永久”获得了香港这个小岛。1860年，英国占领了九龙的半岛，并于1898年获得了新界的99年租约，从而扩大了英国的直辖殖民地。除了太平洋战争期间日本的短暂占领，尽管富兰克林D。罗斯福政府要求香港在战后回归中国，以及香港回归中国的可能性。
THE LONG AND complex post-war dissolution of the British empire resulted from the interaction of colonial politics and metropolitan weakness with international pressures. The political unrest on the periphery demonstrated to the metropole the cost of maintaining control on the one hand, and the benefit of transferring power to'moderate'indigenous leaders on the other. UK ministers and officials thus responded to successive economic and financial crises at home by transforming a formal empire into informal spheres of influence. 1 The series of defence reviews by the Harold Wilson government between 1964 and 1968 led, in 1971, to withdrawal east of Suez: from Malaysia, Singapore, and the Persian Gulf. 2One colony east of Suez seemed to be exempt from decolonization-Hong Kong. After defeating China, then under Manchu rule, in the First Opium War in 1839-42, the United Kingdom had acquired the tiny island of Hong Kong'in perpetuity'. The size of the crown colony was increased by the occupation of the peninsula of Kowloon in i860, and the acquisition in 1898 of a ninety-nine-year lease of the New Territories. With the exception of a brief Japanese occupation during the Pacific War, 3 and notwithstanding the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration's demands for the return of Hong Kong to China after the end of it4 and the possibility of a