Preventing Posttraumatic Stress Related to Sexual Assault Through Early Intervention: A Systematic Review.
Preventing Posttraumatic Stress Related to Sexual Assault Through Early Intervention: A Systematic Review.
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DOI：
10.1177/1524838016669518
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schumacher JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dworkin ER;Schumacher JA
性侵幸存者在遭受性侵后会接触到各种各样的社区救援人员，这些互动可能在减轻痛苦方面发挥重要作用。鉴于对早期经历在创伤后应激发展过程中重要性的理论理解，早期与正式系统（如医疗保健、刑事司法、社会服务）和非正式反应者（如朋友、家人）的接触可能对预防创伤后应激尤为重要。然而，这些早期干预措施的有效性尚不清楚。了解早期干预的关键因素，无论是正式的还是非正式的，都可以成功地预防创伤后压力的发展，这有助于改善社区对性侵犯的反应，并最终促进幸存者的福祉。在这篇系统综述中，我们调查了与创伤后应激相关的攻击后早期响应者的经历类型，创伤后应激影响的持续时间，以及这些反应的时间在创伤后应激发展中的作用。研究结果表明，单独接触响应者通常与创伤后应激的显著差异无关，并且没有足够的证据表明寻求帮助的时机与创伤后应激有关，但所提供的服务质量和与某些响应者互动的感知似乎与创伤后应激有关。虽然许多影响是短暂的，但被认为是积极的干预措施可能与攻击后一年的创伤后压力降低有关。这些发现支持了提供被认为是积极的最佳实践干预措施的重要性，而不是简单地鼓励幸存者寻求帮助。
Sexual assault survivors come into contact with a variety of community responders after assault, and these interactions may play an important role in mitigating distress. Given theoretical understandings of the importance of early experiences in the development of posttraumatic stress, early contact with formal systems (e.g., healthcare, criminal justice, social services) and informal responders (e.g., friends, family) might be particularly important in preventing posttraumatic stress. However, the effectiveness of these early interventions is unclear. Understanding the key elements of early interventions, both formal and informal, that successfully prevent the development of posttraumatic stress could help to improve community responses to sexual assault and ultimately promote survivor wellbeing. In this systematic review, we investigate the types of experiences with responders in the early aftermath of assault that are associated with posttraumatic stress, the duration of effects on posttraumatic stress, and the role of the timing of these responses in the development of posttraumatic stress. Findings indicate that responder contact alone is not typically associated with significant differences in posttraumatic stress, and there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the timing of seeking help is associated with posttraumatic stress, but the quality of services provided and perceptions of interactions with certain responders appear to be associated with posttraumatic stress. While many effects were short-lived, interventions that were perceived positively may be associated with lower posttraumatic stress up to a year post-assault. These findings support the importance of offering best-practice interventions that are perceived positively, rather than simply encouraging survivors to seek help.