The integration of laughter and speech in vocal communication: a dynamic systems perspective.
The integration of laughter and speech in vocal communication: a dynamic systems perspective.
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声音交流中笑声和言语的整合：动态系统视角。
DOI：
10.1044/jslhr.4204.880
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fogel,A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nwokah,EE;Hsu,HC;Davies,P;Fogel,A
本研究以13对母婴为研究对象，探讨婴儿言语中的笑声与言语的可能共现。与先前在成人与成人的社会互动中的发现相反，所有母亲在笑的同时产生了高达50%的笑声。在大多数这些言语笑中，笑和言语的开始是同时的。笑发生在功能词和内容词上，更有可能发生在大约2个词和陈述而不是问题或感叹的话语上。笑和说话是由相同的声音/解剖参数重组产生的不同结果。第三种结果可能是利用笑声和言语的特征的言语-笑声的形式。在言语-笑声中，发声的持续时间更有可能增加，并且话语的变化可能包括元音伸长、音节脉动、呼吸和音高变化中的一个或多个特征。这些研究结果和个人的变化，在所产生的声乐输出进行了讨论，从动态系统的角度来看。有人认为，无论是演讲还是笑声都是占主导地位的，当两者结合起来，但这是一个更复杂的声音的结果产生的特异质的灵活性稳定的时间和生理的限制。
Laughter in infant-directed speech was examined in 13 mother-infant pairs to investigate the possible co-occurrence of speech and laughter. Contrary to previous findings in adult-adult social interaction, all mothers produced speech simultaneously with laughter in up to 50% of laughs. In most of these speech-laughs the onset of laugh and speech was simultaneous. Laughter occurred on both function and content words and was more likely to occur on approximately 2 words and on utterances that were statements rather than questions or exclamations. Laughter and speech are different outcomes produced from a reorganization of the same vocal/anatomical parameters. A 3rd outcome is possible in the form of speech-laughs utilizing features from both laughter and speech. In speech-laughs, the duration of the vocalization was more likely to increase, and the changes in the utterance were likely to include 1 or more of the features of vowel elongation, syllabic pulsation, breathiness, and pitch change. These findings and individual variations in the resulting vocal output are discussed from a dynamic systems perspective. It is argued that neither speech nor laughter is dominant when both are combined, but that this is a more complex vocal outcome produced with idiosyncratic flexibility within stable temporal and physiological constraints.