The injury resistant ability of melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.
The injury resistant ability of melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.002
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发表时间：
2015-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
So KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cui Q;Ren C;Sollars PJ;Pickard GE;So KF
哺乳动物视网膜中表达光色素黑素的神经元被鉴定为一类固有的光敏性视网膜神经节细胞(IpRGCs)。十多年前的这一发现开辟了视网膜研究的一个令人兴奋的新领域，在最初发现光敏神经节细胞后，已经描述了几种亚型。许多研究表明，ipRGC抑制了昼夜节律的光俘获。它们还影响视觉系统的其他非成像功能，如瞳孔的光反射、睡眠、认知、情绪、光厌恶和视网膜的发育。这些新的光敏神经元还通过促进对比度检测来影响形式视觉。此外，研究表明，在视神经损伤后，在青光眼的动物模型中，以及在患有线粒体视神经疾病的患者中，如Leber遗传性视神经病变和显性视神经萎缩，ipRGC具有更强的抗损伤能力。也有迹象表明，这些细胞可能对谷氨酸诱导的兴奋性毒性具有抵抗力。在这里，我们提供了ipRGC的概述，并讨论了这些神经元在某些病理和实验条件下的抗损伤特性。
Neurons in the mammalian retina expressing the photopigment melanopsin have been identified as a class of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This discovery more than a decade ago has opened up an exciting new field of retinal research, and following the initial identification of photosensitive ganglion cells, several subtypes have been described. A number of studies have shown that ipRGCs subserve photoentrainment of circadian rhythms. They also influence other non-image forming functions of the visual system, such as the pupillary light reflex, sleep, cognition, mood, light aversion and development of the retina. These novel photosensitive neurons also influence form vision by contributing to contrast detection. Furthermore, studies have shown that ipRGCs are more injury-resistant following optic nerve injury, in animal models of glaucoma, and in patients with mitochondrial optic neuropathies, i.e., Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and dominant optic atrophy. There is also an indication that these cells may be resistant to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Herein we provide an overview of ipRGCs and discuss the injury-resistant character of these neurons under certain pathological and experimental conditions.