Gut content analysis and a new feeding group classification of termites
Gut content analysis and a new feeding group classification of termites
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00342.x
复制
发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bignell, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donovan, SE;Eggleton, P;Bignell, DE
1.肠道内容物的白蚁进行了分析，使用显微镜技术。46个研究物种涵盖了整个范围内的分类和饲养形式的订单。种间肠道内容物数据进行了分析，采用主成分分析。根据肠道中二氧化硅和植物组织碎片的量的变化，将物种沿着明显的腐殖化梯度放置。使用Redemption分析来找到所观察到的肠道内容物变化的形态学相关性。在45个候选性状中，有22个形态性状与肠内容物呈显著相关.三个22个显着相关的字符明确定义的饲养组，这是指定的组I至IV的饲养基质腐殖化的增加顺序。第一组包含较低的白蚁枯木和食草动物;第二组包含白蚁与一系列的饮食习惯，包括枯木，草，落叶，和微附生植物;第三组包含白蚁在有机丰富的土壤上层喂养;第四组包含真正的土壤饲养者（再次所有白蚁），ingriminate显然矿物质土壤。这些分组通常在典型协方差分析中得到统计学支持，尽管第二组显然代表了具有相当广泛的进食习惯的白蚁物种。使用现有的假设白蚁系统发育关系，它似乎可能是第一组馈线系统发育的基础，而其他分组已经出现了独立的一些场合。土壤喂养（即第III组和第IV组喂养）可能是由于粪便材料作为真菌基质的大白蚁类祖先形式的共同选择而进化的。因此，这些形式将不得不从土壤中建造巢穴结构，因此至少有一些土壤通过它们的内脏。
1. Gut content analysis of termites was undertaken using microscopical techniques. The 46 study species covered the entire range of taxonomic and feeding forms within the Order.2. Inter-specific gut contents data were analysed using principal components analysis. placing species along a clear humification gradient based on variations in the amount of silica and plant tissue fragments in the gut.3. Redundancy analysis was used to find morphological correlates of the observed variation in gut contents. A total of 22 morphological characters (out of 45 candidate characters) were correlated significantly with the gut contents.4. Three of the 22 significantly correlated characters unambiguously defined feeding groups, which were designated groups I to IV in increasing order of humification of the feeding substrate. Group I contains lower termite dead wood and grass-feeders; group II contains Termitidae with a range of feeding habits including dead wood, grass, leaf litter, and micro-epiphytes; group III contains Termitidae feeding in the organic rich upper layers of the soil; group IV contains the true soil-feeders (again all Termitidae), ingesting apparently mineral soil. These groupings were generally supported statistically in a canonical covariance analysis, although group II apparently represents termite species with a rather wide range of feeding habits.5. Using existing hypotheses of termite phylogenetic relationships, it seems probable that group I feeders are phylogenetic ally basal, and that the other groupings have arisen independently on a number of occasions. Soil-feeding (i.e. group III and group IV feeding) may have evolved due to the co-option of faecal material as a fungal substrate by Macrotermitinae-like ancestral forms. As a consequence, these forms would have been constrained to build nest structures from soil and would therefore have passed at least some soil through their guts.