Livelihood impacts of displacement and resettlement on informal households - A case study from Kigali, Rwanda
Livelihood impacts of displacement and resettlement on informal households - A case study from Kigali, Rwanda
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流离失所和重新安置对非正规家庭的生计影响——卢旺达基加利的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.006
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
M. V. van Maarseveen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alice Nikuze;R. Sliuzas;J. Flacke;M. V. van Maarseveen
撒哈拉以南非洲的城市正在经历大规模的社会空间转型。许多旧的市中心街区正在被拆除，以让位于现代商业和住宅开发，总的来说，是为了更现代的生活环境。这些雄心壮志往往导致多方面的流离失所和重新安置项目，影响到数百万人的生计，包括许多来自非正规住区的人。鉴于撒哈拉以南非洲国家城市空间转型的新奇，关于受影响城市家庭所受影响的实证研究很少。基于在卢旺达基加利进行的研究，本文讨论了生计的影响，城市再开发和减少灾害风险引起的移民项目，对受影响的非正规住区家庭。这一贡献借鉴了与流离失所家庭和重新安置家庭进行的访谈和重点小组讨论，以及实地工作期间与关键信息提供者的访谈。调查结果突出表明，无论重新安置项目是否有可能为贫困的非正规家庭提供改善的住房，基加利大多数流离失所的非正规家庭都承受着对其物质、财务、社会和人类生计资产的若干不利影响。虽然以前的研究将流离失所的影响缩小到搬迁后的影响，但这项研究表明，受影响的非正规家庭在搬迁前阶段也承受着重大的不利生计影响。搬迁前阶段的不稳定是可能流离失所的家庭面临流离失所风险的重要原因。需要在过程的早期阶段传达移民项目的准确和详细信息，以避免受影响家庭不必要的搬迁风险。需要公布关于每种流离失所类型应享权利和赔偿的明确透明的准则，并与受影响社区进行讨论。我们的结论是，在搬迁前和搬迁后阶段的生计影响的理解提供了一个整体的概念，这是需要减轻搬迁风险，保护和改善受影响的家庭在整个搬迁过程中的生计。
Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are undergoing massive socio-spatial transformations. Many old inner-city neighbourhoods are being demolished to give way to modern commercial and residential developments, and generally, to a moremodernliving environment. These ambitions often lead to manifold displacement and resettlement projects that affect the livelihoods of millions of people, including many from informal settlements. Given the novelty of urban space transformations in Sub-Saharan African countries, empirical research on the impacts on affected urban households is rare. Based on research conducted in Kigali, Rwanda, this paper discusses livelihood impacts, of urban redevelopment and disaster risk mitigation induced resettlement projects, on affected informal settlement households. This contribution draws on interviews and focus group discussions undertaken with both households to be displaced and resettled households, as well as interviews with key informants during fieldwork. The findings highlight that, irrespective of potential opportunities of resettlement projects to deliver improved housing to poor informal households, most displaced informal households in Kigali endure several adverse impacts on their physical, financial, social, and human livelihood assets. While previous studies narrowed displacement impacts to post-relocation impacts, this research shows that affected informal households also endure significant adverse livelihood impacts in the pre-relocation stage. Uncertainties during the pre-relocation phase are significant causes of impoverishment risks among the households likely to be displaced. Accurate and detailed information of the resettlement projects need to be communicated in the early stage of the process to avoid the unnecessary impoverishment risks of affected households. Clear transparent guidelines on entitlements and compensation for each displacement type need to be disclosed and discussed with affected communities. We conclude that an understanding of livelihood impacts in both the pre- and post-relocation stages offers a holistic conceptualisation, which is required to mitigate impoverishment risks and to protect and improve the livelihoods of affected households throughout the entire relocation process.