Variable-ratio schedules as variable-interval schedules with linear feedback loops.
Variable-ratio schedules as variable-interval schedules with linear feedback loops.
复制标题
可变比率调度作为具有线性反馈循环的可变间隔调度。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Wixted
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. J. McDowell;J. Wixted
线性系统的数学理论已成功地用于描述响应可变间隔（VI）的时间表。在最简单的扩展理论的可变比（VR）的情况下，VR计划被视为如果他们是VI计划与线性反馈回路。这种方法所涉及的假设，即VR和VI加线性反馈时间表是等效的，通过比较两种类型的时间表的响应进行了测试。四名人类受试者的杠杆按压产生五个VR时间表上的货币货币，并在五个VI时间表上与线性反馈回路，再现了VR时间表的反馈特性。2名受试者的按压由指令启动，另2名受试者的按压由逐次逼近形成。不同的反应启动方法对行为没有不同的影响。对于4名受试者中的每一名，VR和可比较的VI加线性反馈方案产生了相似的平均应答率和相似的应答模式。受试者在这两种时间表上的行为与VR时间表上的鸟类和啮齿类动物的行为相似。这些结果表明，由VI加线性反馈的VR情况下的方法所需要的假设是有效的，因此，该方法是值得追求的。研究结果也反驳了时间间隔理论的进度绩效，这需要间隔和比率意外事件产生不同的响应率。
The mathematical theory of linear systems has been used successfully to describe responding on variable-interval (VI) schedules. In the simplest extension of the theory to the variable-ratio (VR) case, VR schedules are treated as if they were VI schedules with linear feedback loops. The assumption entailed by this approach, namely, that VR and VI-plus-linear-feedback schedules are equivalent, was tested by comparing responding on the two types of schedule. Four human subjects' lever pressing produced monetary reinforcers on five VR schedules, and on five VI schedules with linear feedback loops that reproduced the feedback properties of the VR schedules. Pressing was initiated by instructions in 2 subjects, and was shaped by successive approximation in the other 2. The different methods of response initiation did not have differential effects on behavior. For each of the 4 subjects, the VR and the comparable VI-plus-linear-feedback schedules generated similar average response rates and similar response patterns. The subjects' behavior on both types of schedule was similar to that of avian and rodent species on VR schedules. These results indicate that the assumption entailed by the VI-plus-linear-feedback approach to the VR case is valid and, consequently, that the approach is worth pursuing. The results also confute interresponse-time theories of schedule performance, which require interval and ratio contingencies to produce different response rates.