Internal working models of attachment during late childhood and early adolescence: an exploration of stability and change.
Internal working models of attachment during late childhood and early adolescence: an exploration of stability and change.
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DOI：
10.1080/14616730010001587
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tambelli, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ammaniti, M;van IJzendoorn, M H;Tambelli, R
本文讨论了从童年晚期到青春期早期的过渡如何影响依恋组织的问题。探讨了青少年早期依恋表征测量——儿童和青少年依恋访谈（AICA）的适用性。 AICA 以成人依恋访谈为基础，针对青少年早期年龄组进行了一些细微的调整。据推测，从童年晚期到青春期早期，依恋表现出相当大的稳定性，尽管一些变化可能会变得明显，特别是因为在这一时期可能会激活与父母的疏远机制。此外，对于各种安全和不安全附件分类，稳定性可能不同。最后，由于从童年到青春期的过渡期间性别差异变得更大，因此探讨了男孩和女孩之间的依恋差异。同样的 31 名意大利参与者（14 名女孩，17 名男孩）在 10 岁时和 14 岁时完成了 AICA。在可比较但年龄较大的青少年或年轻人样本中，AICA 依恋分类分布与成人依恋访谈 (AAI) 分布没有差异。附件安全性的稳定性相当高：74% (k = .48)。解雇和安全类别的稳定性略高于（小）专注和未解决类别的稳定性。四年来，参与者倾向于表现出更多的拒绝策略，并报告更多来自父母的拒绝。有人建议，为了获得更明确的个人身份，可能有必要启动解除防御机制，以使父母形象保持一定距离。最后，从童年晚期到青春期早期的过渡期间，依恋方面没有出现显着的性别差异。
This article addresses the question of how the transition from late childhood to early adolescence influences the organization of attachment. The applicability of a measure for attachment representations in early adolescence, the Attachment Interview for Childhood and Adolescence (AICA), was explored. The AICA is based on the Adult Attachment Interview, which was adapted in minor ways to the early adolescent age-group. It was hypothesized that attachment shows considerable stability from late childhood to early adolescence, although some changes might become manifest especially because distancing mechanisms toward the parents may be activated in this period. Also, stability may be different for the various secure and insecure attachment classifications. Lastly, because gender differences become larger during the transition from childhood to adolescence, attachment differences between boys and girls were explored. The same 31 Italian participants (14 girls, 17 boys) completed the AICA at 10 years and at 14 years of age. The AICA attachment classification distributions did not differ from Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) distributions in comparable but older adolescent or young adult samples. The stability of attachment security was considerable: 74% (k = .48). The stability of the dismissing and secure categories was somewhat higher than the stability of the (small) preoccupied and unresolved categories. The participants tended to show more dismissing strategies across the four years, and to report more rejection from their parents. It was suggested that the activation of dismissing defense mechanisms might be necessary to keep parental figures at some distance in order to achieve a more definite personal identity. Finally, no significant gender differences in attachment emerged during the transition from late childhood to early adolescence.