The icon is dead: Long live the icon
The icon is dead: Long live the icon
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图标已死：图标万岁
DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x0001445x
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
R. Klatzky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Klatzky
实验证据表明，受试者在不到一秒的时间里就可以看到短暂显示的大部分内容，或者视觉刺激在他们的身体终止后持续相似的时间，但我认为这一证据与感知无关。具体来说，图标作为刺激终止后持续存在的信息的短暂存储的概念不可能在任何典型的视觉信息处理任务中有用，除了在雷雨中阅读之外。由于提供感知刺激的视觉世界是连续的，并且不会被测速仪分割，而且由于我们的眼睛和头部很少是静止的，因此在现实情况下，不存在冷冻标志性信息存储会有所帮助的情况。相反，这样的图标的存在会干扰感知。本文研究了正常感知的实例，然后回顾了关于时间整合、扫视抑制、掩蔽和视觉暂留的光感受器基础的实验证据，以进一步证明激发存储不能成为存储信息的有用装置。最后，我注意到，如果我们只是忘记了作为处理早期阶段的图标和图标记忆，那么我们的视觉感知或信息处理理论几乎不需要改变。
Without disputing the experimental evidence that subjects have available most of the content of brief displays for a fraction of a second, or that visual stimuli persist after their physical termination for a similar time, I argue that this evidence is irrelevant to perception. Specifically, the notion of an icon as a brief storage of information persisting after stimulus termination cannot possibly be useful in any typical visual information-processing task except reading in a lightning storm. Since the visual world that provides the stimuli for perception is continuous and not chopped up by tachistoscopes, and since our eyes and heads are rarely motionless, no realistic circumstances exist in which having a frozen iconic storage of information could be helpful. Rather, the presence of such an icon interferes with perception. This paper examines instances of normal perception, and then reviews experimental evidence on temporal integration, saccadic suppression, masking, and the photoreceptor basis of visual persistence, to further demonstrate that a storage of excitation cannot be a useful device for storing information. Finally, I note that little would have to be changed in our theories of visual perception or information processing if we simply forgot all about the icon and iconic memory as an early stage of processing.