Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas
Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas
复制标题
喜马拉雅高山大气气溶胶的元素和单个颗粒分析
DOI：
10.1007/s10661-008-0698-3
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Qin, Dahe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cong, Zhiyuan;Kang, Shichang;Qin, Dahe
2005年5月 - 6月在珠穆朗玛峰（埃佛勒斯峰）科学考察期间收集了大气气溶胶。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了气溶胶中的元素浓度，得到了14种元素的浓度数据：钠、镁、铝、钾、钙、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、镍、铜、锌和铅。平均元素浓度总体上与中亚和北极地区的相当，但远高于南极地区。通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱X射线微分析确定了900个单个气溶胶粒子的大小、形态和化学成分。根据形态和元素组成，这些粒子被分为八类：碳烟（8%）、焦油球（3%）、铝硅酸盐/二氧化硅（55%）、硫酸钙（16%）、碳酸钙/碳酸镁（2%）、富铁/钛粒子（3%）、富铅粒子（1%）和生物粒子（12%）。采样点位于喜马拉雅山脉6520米处，特别偏远且海拔较高。然而，铜、铬、铅、镍、钒和锌的高气溶胶富集因子都表明受到了远距离传输污染的影响，而单个粒子分析中钙的富集以及铝硅酸盐的存在表明了明显的矿物粉尘影响。后向气团轨迹显示印度西北部可能对喜马拉雅山脉中部高海拔地区的大气气溶胶有贡献。
Atmospheric aerosols were collected during the scientific expedition to Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) in May-June, 2005. The elemental concentrations of the aerosols were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This yielded data for the concentration of 14 elements: Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The mean elemental concentrations were generally comparable with those from central Asia and the Arctic, while much higher than those from Antarctic. Size, morphology, and chemical composition of 900 individual aerosol particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on morphology and elemental composition, the particles were clustered into eight groups: soot (8%), tar ball (3%), alumosilicates/silica (55%), calcium sulfate (16%), Ca/Mg carbonate (2%), Fe/Ti-rich particles (3%), Pb-rich particles (1%), and biological particles (12%). The sampling site, located at 6,520 m in the Himalayas, is particularly remote and located at high altitude. Nonetheless, high aerosol enrichment factors for copper, chromium, lead, nickel, vanadium, and zinc all suggest the influence of long-range transported pollution, while enrichment in calcium and the presence of alumino-silicates in individual particle analyses indicates a distinct mineral dust influence. The backward air mass trajectories showed that the northwestern part of India may contribute to the atmospheric aerosol in the central high Himalayas.