Calling it rape: Differences in experiences of women who do or do not label their sexual assault as rape
Calling it rape: Differences in experiences of women who do or do not label their sexual assault as rape
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DOI：
10.1111/1471-6402.00103
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Halvorsen, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kahn, AS;Jackson, J;Halvorsen, J
过去的研究发现，有过可能符合强奸定义的经历的所有妇女中，有一半或一半以上没有将自己称为强奸受害者。本研究通过问卷调查和开放式描述的方式，对33名将其攻击经历标记为强奸的妇女和56名未将其攻击经历标记为强奸的妇女的实际强奸经历进行了研究。定量研究结果重复了过去的研究，发现与未被承认的受害者相比，被承认的受害者年龄更大，对攻击者的了解更少，经历了更强的攻击，并且对这种经历有更强烈的负面情绪反应。定性分析显示，当袭击者不是她们的男朋友，她们醒来时有一个男人插入她们，或者袭击者使用武力并控制她们以获得性交时，妇女最有可能承认她们的经历是强奸。儿童时期被侵犯的妇女也承认她们的经历是强奸。然而，当攻击涉及男朋友时，或者如果女性受到酒精或毒品的严重损害，或者如果行为涉及口交或数字性行为，女性不太可能将其情况标记为强奸。
Past research had found that one-half or more of all women who have had an experience that might meet the definition of rape do not label themselves rape victims. The present study examined the actual rape experiences of 33 women who labeled their assault experience as rape and 56 women who did not label their assault experience as rape through questionnaires and open-ended descriptions of what happened during their assault. Quantitative findings replicated past research, finding that acknowledged victims, compared to unacknowledged victims, were older, knew their assailant less well, experienced more forceful assaults, and had stronger negative emotional reactions to the experience. Qualitative analysis revealed that women were mostly likely to acknowledge their experience as rape when the assailant was not their boyfriend and they woke up with a man penetrating them or the assailant used force and dominated them to obtain intercourse. Women assaulted as children also acknowledged their experience as rape. However, when the assault involved a boyfriend, or if the woman was severely impaired by alcohol or drugs, or if the act involved oral or digital sex, the women were unlikely to label their situations as constituting rape.