Sociological Determinants of Life Satisfaction in Japan: The Roles of Gender, Family, and Work
Sociological Determinants of Life Satisfaction in Japan: The Roles of Gender, Family, and Work
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日本生活满意度的社会学决定因素：性别、家庭和工作的作用
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-6781.1998.tb00060.x
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Kamo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Kamo
这是基于Thibaut和Kelley(1959)关于满意度的理论框架和具有全国代表性的日本成年人样本，对日本人生活满意度的原因及其相关因素进行的首批研究之一。强调了性别、婚姻状况、年龄和工作相关特征等人口统计学变量对生活满意度的影响。调查发现，平均而言，日本女性比男性对自己的生活更满意。这种差异不能用就业状况的性别差异来解释。在对每个就业状况类别进行审查时，除全职就业人员外，女性平均而言仍比男性表现出更高的生活满意度。
丧偶女性的生活满意度较低，而从未结过婚和离婚的男性则表现出相同的模式。当经济环境变量得到控制时，离婚对女性生活满意度的不利影响就会消失。研究发现，年龄与生活满意度密切相关，尤其是在男性中。年龄的非线性效应表明，家庭责任和工作责任都会降低日本男性和女性的生活满意度。
美国文献中提出的关于这一主题的理论框架在目前的分析中得到了日本数据的很大支持。研究发现，与经济和/或社会指标的绝对水平不同，每个人对这些指标的重视程度对生活满意度至关重要。鉴于本文对满意度的认知定义强调比较，这些结果表明了这一理论观点的有效性。
This is one of the first studies on causes and correlates of life satisfaction among Japanese, based on the theoretical framework of Thibaut and Kelley (1959) on satisfaction and a nationally representative sample of Japanese adults. Emphasized are the effects of such demographic variables as gender, marital status, age, and work-related characteristics on life satisfaction. It is found that Japanese women are more satisfied with their lives than are men on the average. This difference is not explained by the gender difference in employment statuses. When examined for each employment status category, women still show higher life satisfaction than men on the average, except those employed full-time.
While widowed women show lower life satisfaction, never-married and divorced men show the same pattern. The detrimental effect of divorce on life satisfaction among women disappears when economic circumstances variables are controlled for. Age is found to be strongly related to life satisfaction, particularly among men. A non-linear effect of age indicates both family responsibility and job responsibility decrease life satisfaction for Japanese men and women.
The theoretical framework presented in American literature on the subject is largely supported in the present analysis with Japanese data. Rather than absolute levels of economic and/or social indicators, the salience each person places on them is found to be critical for life satisfaction. Given the cognitive definition of satisfaction adopted here which emphasizes comparisons, these results indicate the validity of this theoretical perspective.