Broad-Scale Weather Patterns Encountered during Flight Influence Landbird Stopover Distributions
Broad-Scale Weather Patterns Encountered during Flight Influence Landbird Stopover Distributions
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DOI：
10.3390/rs12030565
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Buler, Jeffrey J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clipp, Hannah L.;Cohen, Emily B.;Buler, Jeffrey J.
候鸟在飞行过程中经历的动态天气条件可能会影响它们停下来休息和补充能量的地方，特别是在穿越不适宜居住的地形或大型水体之后，但天气对中途停留模式的影响仍然很少研究。我们研究了夜间迁徙的近北区-新热带鸟类在墨西哥湾（GOM）向北飞行期间遇到的大范围天气条件对随后沿海停留分布的影响。我们利用历史地图对夜间天气模式进行了分类，并利用 2008 年至 2015 年 10 个天气监测雷达收集的数据量化了中途停留栖息地的鸟类密度。我们发现，GOM 上空的春季天气模式通常最有利于候鸟迁徙，风有助于向北飞行，并记录了针对特定不利天气条件的区域中途停留模式。例如，中西部大陆高压的特点是墨西哥湾西部上空有强烈的北风，导致德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州沿岸的移民高度集中。我们首次表明，飞行过程中经历的大范围天气会影响鸟类停下来休息和补充能量的时间和地点。将飞行过程中遇到的天气模式与中途停留分布联系起来有助于对鸟类迁徙的宏观生态理解，这对于正在经历快速人类引起的变化的系统至关重要。
The dynamic weather conditions that migrating birds experience during flight likely influence where they stop to rest and refuel, particularly after navigating inhospitable terrain or large water bodies, but effects of weather on stopover patterns remain poorly studied. We examined the influence of broad-scale weather conditions encountered by nocturnally migrating Nearctic-Neotropical birds during northward flight over the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) on subsequent coastal stopover distributions. We categorized nightly weather patterns using historic maps and quantified region-wide densities of birds in stopover habitat with data collected by 10 weather surveillance radars from 2008 to 2015. We found spring weather patterns over the GOM were most often favorable for migrating birds, with winds assisting northward flight, and document regional stopover patterns in response to specific unfavorable weather conditions. For example, Midwest Continental High is characterized by strong northerly winds over the western GOM, resulting in high-density concentrations of migrants along the immediate coastlines of Texas and Louisiana. We show, for the first time, that broad-scale weather experienced during flight influences when and where birds stop to rest and refuel. Linking synoptic weather patterns encountered during flight with stopover distributions contributes to the emerging macro-ecological understanding of bird migration, which is critical to consider in systems undergoing rapid human-induced changes.