Digital Endocasts
Digital Endocasts
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数字腔镜
DOI：
10.1007/978-4-431-56582-6_5
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发表时间：
2018
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Walsh S
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文献类型：
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作者：
Walsh S
鳄鱼和鸟类是始祖龙的唯一活着的代表，始祖龙是一种曾经多样化的脊椎动物支系，在中生代掌握了陆地、空中和水生环境。由于始祖龙的脑壳在很大程度上是僵化的，该小组尤其受益于过去20年来在非破坏性可视化内颅骨结构方面的进展。在这里，我们专注于始祖龙鸟类血统中的神经感觉进化，在这个群体中，大多数代表的Bauplan被优化以适应飞行的功能需求。鸟类的神经感觉进化包括端脑相对于大脑其他部分的扩大，前庭系统敏感性的增加，以及可能也扩大了听觉频率范围和对视觉刺激的依赖。尽管表面相对光滑，但鸟类的内囊提供了关于关键结构-wulst的演化的关键信息，wulst在新生代经历了显著的扩大，在所有现存的鸟类中都发现了高度多样化的形式。随着我们对鸟类认知能力和神经结构的认识不断增强，蜥蜴脑的进化代表了一个越来越有用的比较工具，可以用来评估灵长类突触体脑的发育。目前在对现存鸟类大脑结构进行量化方面的改进正在提高从内铸件外表面获得的信息的可靠性。反过来，这应该会导致对灭绝鸟类和其他恐龙的古神经学有更好的了解。
Crocodiles and birds are the only living representatives of Archosauria, a once diverse clade of vertebrates that mastered terrestrial, aerial and aquatic environments during the Mesozoic. Because the braincases of archosaurs are largely ossified, the group has particularly benefited from advances in non-destructive visualisation of endocranial structures over the past two decades. Here, we focus on the neurosensory evolution in the avian lineage of the Archosauria, a group in which the Bauplan of most representatives is optimised to accommodate the functional demands of flight. Neurosensory evolution in birds included a trend towards an enlargement of the telencephalon relative to the rest of the brain, an increased vestibular system sensitivity and probably also a widening of auditory frequency range and an increased reliance on visual stimuli. Despite a relatively smooth surface, bird endocasts provide crucial information on the evolution of a critical structure, the Wulst, which underwent significant enlargement during the Cenozoic and is found with highly variable form in all extant birds. With our increasing awareness of avian cognitive capacity and neural structure, the evolution of the brain in the sauropsid lineage represents an increasingly useful comparative tool against which the development of the synapsid lineage brain of primates can be assessed. Current refinements in quantification of brain structures in extant birds are improving the reliability of the information derived from the external surface of endocasts. This, in turn, should result in a better understanding of the palaeoneurology of extinct birds and other dinosaurs.