Retinoic acid actions through mammalian nuclear receptors.
Retinoic acid actions through mammalian nuclear receptors.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr400161b
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发表时间：
2014-01-08
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Rastinejad, Fraydoon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Pengxiang;Chandra, Vikas;Rastinejad, Fraydoon
1.1.视黄醇是一种脂溶性维生素A，是哺乳动物上皮组织正常生长、视力和分化所必需的。1，2视黄醇必须直接通过饮食摄入获得，但也可以通过饮食中的类胡萝卜素以维生素A原的形式获得。哺乳动物组织中的3，4酶裂解β-胡萝卜素，或者在其中心15，15‘碳−碳双键对称地裂解，形成两个视黄醛分子，或者通过在其他碳−碳双键不对称裂解形成两个不等链长的产物。5维生素A和其他维甲酸在其分子支架中的区别在于存在一个相对较长的链共轭多烯框架。由于它们在水溶液中普遍缺乏溶解性，视黄醇需要与许多载体蛋白一起在细胞中移动。天然维甲酸及其类胡萝卜素前体独特的化学结构使其对光、热和酸诱导的氧化和异构化高度敏感。6体内维甲酸的浓度维持在一个非常窄的范围内。这种平衡是必要的，以避免它们的缺陷和同样的潜在毒性，包括它们的致畸作用。7、8这些分子在细胞中的平衡是通过多种调节蛋白维持的，这些蛋白
1.1. Retinoid Path to Nuclear Receptors Retinol, the lipid-soluble vitamin A, is an absolute requirement for normal growth, vision, and differentiation of epithelial tissues in mammals. 1, 2 Retinol must be obtained directly through dietary intake, but may also be derived in its provitamin A forms obtained through dietary carotenoids. 3, 4 Enzymes within mammalian tissues cleave β-carotene, either symmetrically at its central 15, 15′ carbon− carbon double bond, forming two molecules of retinaldehyde, or alternatively by making an asymmetrical cleavage at other carbon− carbon double bonds to form two products of unequal chain lengths. 5 Vitamin A and other retinoids are distinguished in their molecular scaffold by the presence of a relatively long chain conjugated polyene frame. Due to their general lack of solubility in aqueous solutions, retinol is required to move in cells in association with a number of carrier proteins. The distinguishing chemical structures of natural retinoids, as well as their carotenoid precursors, render them highly sensitive to light, heat, and acid induced oxidation and isomerization. 6 The concentration of retinoids in the body is maintained within a very narrow range. This balance is required to avoid their deficiency and equally their potential toxicity, including their teratogenic effects. 7, 8 The balance of these molecules in cells is maintained through a variety of regulatory proteins that
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影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Abu-Abed, S;Dollé, P;Petkovich, M
通讯作者：
Petkovich, M
影响因子：
16
作者：
Bourguet, W;Vivat, V;Moras, D
通讯作者：
Moras, D
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
André, E;Conquet, F;Becker-André, M
通讯作者：
Becker-André, M
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Berry DC;Noy N
通讯作者：
Noy N
DOI：
10.1677/joe-08-0539
发表时间：
2009-11
期刊：
The Journal of endocrinology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Amorim BS;Ueta CB;Freitas BC;Nassif RJ;Gouveia CH;Christoffolete MA;Moriscot AS;Lancelloti CL;Llimona F;Barbeiro HV;de Souza HP;Catanozi S;Passarelli M;Aoki MS;Bianco AC;Ribeiro MO
通讯作者：
Ribeiro MO