Overharvesting of resources of unknown size
Overharvesting of resources of unknown size
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DOI：
10.1016/s0001-6918(99)00024-4
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发表时间：
1999-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Gärling, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gustafsson, M;Biel, A;Gärling, T
在两个资源困境实验中，参与者可以自由地从可用资源中请求一定量，其大小是一个随机变量，在小区间（低资源不确定性）或大区间（高资源不确定性）内均匀分布。在实验 1 中，一组 20 名本科生猜测了资源的大小，并评估了他们的自信程度。在其他三组中，同等数量的本科生要求获得一定数额的资金，如果数额不超过可用资源的话。在其中一组中，结果仅取决于资源大小，而在其余组中，结果还取决于其他四个不熟悉的受试者（无论是真实的还是想象的）的请求。部分支持感知偏差的解释是，当资源不确定性增加时，所有组中的受试者都会高估或过度收获。然而，乐观或结果合意性偏差的解释仍然存在，因为随着资源不确定性，请求的增加比结果是否取决于其他请求的猜测增加更多。实验 2 雇用了另外三组 20 名本科生，他们处于阶梯级资源困境中。证实了实验一的结论。结果支持了结果期望偏差的解释，但未能支持利己主义偏差的解释，表明资源不确定性的过度收获效应不受社会不确定性的影响。 (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。 PsycINFO 分类。 3020.
In two resource-dilemma experiments participants were free to request an amount from an available resource whose size was a random variable with a uniform distribution either within a small interval (low resource uncertainty) or within a large interval (high resource uncertainty). In Experiment 1, one group of 20 undergraduates guessed the size of the resource as well as rated how confident they were. In three other groups equal numbers of undergraduates requested an amount which they would receive if it did not exceed the available resource. In one of these groups the outcome was only dependent on resource size, whereas in the remaining groups the outcome also depended on the requests by four other unfamiliar subjects who were either real or imaginary. Partially supporting a perceptual-bias explanation, subjects were in all groups found to overestimate or overharvest when resource uncertainty increased. Yet, an optimism or outcome-desirability bias explanation was maintained since the requests increased more with resource uncertainty than did the guesses whether or not the outcome depended on others requests. Experiment 2 employed another three groups of 20 undergraduates in a step-level resource-dilemma. Confirming the conclusion of Experiment 1. the results supported the outcome-desirability bias explanation but failed to support an egoism-bias explanation in showing that the overharvesting effect of resource uncertainty was not affected by social uncertainty. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PsycINFO classification. 3020.