Progress in genetic improvement of grain yield and related physiological traits of Chinese wheat in Henan Province
Progress in genetic improvement of grain yield and related physiological traits of Chinese wheat in Henan Province
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2016.09.022
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Yu Zhang;Weigang Xu;Huiwei Wang;H. Dong;Qi Xueli;Ming-zhong Zhao;Yuhui Fang;Chongyue Gao;Lin Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yu Zhang;Weigang Xu;Huiwei Wang;H. Dong;Qi Xueli;Ming-zhong Zhao;Yuhui Fang;Chongyue Gao;Lin Hu
小麦是世界主要粮食作物之一，选育高产小麦是满足世界人口增长需求的关键。为了确定限制河南省小麦产量潜力的因素，中国对20世纪40年代以来在河南省广泛种植的30个小麦品种的产量及其相关生理性状进行了评价。结果表明，20世纪40年代以来，小麦产量显著提高，年遗传增益为1.09%，1900年代以后的增产归因于1BL/1RS易位的引入。产量显著增加的主要原因是穗粒数、千粒重和收获指数显著增加，半矮秆基因利用显著降低了株高。同化物积累和运转的遗传改良主要体现在花后同化物积累(PoAAA)和花后转运速率(PoATR)的改善上，遗传增益分别为0.63%和1.89%。POAAA的提高与花后20d和开花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、花后20d的叶面积指数(LAI)的增加密切相关，而PARA的改善与茎鞘中积累的同化物积累和再分配的改善密切相关。随着产量的增加，源库比显著降低，反映出源已逐渐成为粮食增产的限制因素。因此，在今后的小麦育种中，应采取多种策略提高生物量(源)，以适应小麦持续增产的需要。
Wheat is one of the staple food crops worldwide and breeding for high yield wheat is critical to meet the need of increasing world population. To determine the factors that limit wheat yield potential in Henan province, China, 30 wheat cultivars that have been widely grown in Henan province since 1940s were evaluated for grain yield and related physiological traits. The results show that grain yield has been significantly increased since 1940s, with an annual genetic gain of 1.09%, and the increased yield after 1900s was attributed to the introduction of 1BL/1RS translocation. The significant yield increase mainly resulted from a significant increase in grain number per spike (GNPS), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and harvest index (HI), and a significant decrease in plant height due to utilization of semi-dwarfing genes. The genetic improvement of assimilate accumulation and translocation was mainly reflected by the improvement in post-anthesis assimilate accumulation (PoAAA) and post-anthesis transportion rate (PoATR) of pre-anthesis assimilates (PrAA), with genetic gains of 0.63% and 1.89%, respectively. The improvement of the PoAAA was closely related to an increase in net photosynthetic rates (Pn) of flag leaves at anthesis and 20 days after anthesis, and leaf area index (LAI) at 20 days after anthesis; whereas the improvement of the PoATR of the PrAA was closely associated with the improvement of accumulation and redistribution of the assimilates accumulated in stems and sheaths. As yield increased, the source-sink ratio significantly decreased, reflecting that the source has been gradually becoming a limiting factor to grain yield increase. Therefore, diverse strategies should be adopted to improve biomass (source) in future wheat breeding to meet the need of continuous increasing in wheat yield.