Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance
Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
T. Litman
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Litman
车辆保险通常被认为是车辆使用的固定费用。驾车者在减少行驶里程时通常不会意识到保险费用的节省。基于距离的保险定价将保险转换为与车辆旅行相关的可变成本，因此保费与年里程直接相关。基于里程的定价使汽车保险在精算上更加准确（保费更好地反映了每辆车的索赔成本），并为驾车者提供了减少行驶里程的新机会。它可以帮助实现几个公共政策目标，包括公平、道路安全、消费者储蓄和选择、减少拥堵、设施成本节约、能源节约和环境保护。本文比较了几种基于距离的保险定价方案，并评估了关注和批评。分析表明，基于距离的定价在技术上和经济上都是可行的，可以为驾驶者和社会带来重大利益。如果汽油像汽车保险一样出售，会有什么后果呢？汽油按车年销售，车主每年预付一笔钱，就可以在公司的加油站无限制地使用汽油。价格将基于向类似驾驶者提供汽油的平均成本。未计量的燃料将导致燃料消耗、里程和整体车辆成本的螺旋式增长，包括事故风险、拥堵和污染等外部性。耗油量低于平均水平的驾车者会觉得这不公平，也负担不起，因此会退出这个体系，但耗油量高于平均水平的驾车者会捍卫这个体系，因为他们享受到了好处。这样的制度是不合理的。这与目前的保险定价相当。这篇论文的早期版本发表在《交通季刊》，第51卷，第3期，1997年夏季，第119-138页。本研究的综合技术报告《基于距离的车辆保险》；可行性，成本和收益，可在维多利亚交通政策研究所的网站上查阅。本报告探讨了实施基于距离（也称为随驾付费、按里程付费）的汽车保险定价的可行性。保险目前是车辆旅行的固定费用。车辆行驶里程的减少通常不会带来保险费的相应减少。基于距离的定价将保险转换为可变成本，因此在其他条件相同的情况下，减少车辆的年行驶里程会减少其保险费。基于距离的保险的原则是，价格应该反映成本，消费者减少了他们施加的成本，应该得到相应的节省。减少驾驶减少了撞车和保险索赔的风险。按照目前的价格，驾车者减少行驶里程所节省的索赔成本，要么作为利润由保险公司保留，要么作为一个整体返还给保费支付者。在基于距离的定价模式下，这些节省下来的钱会返还给每个驾车者，从而减少行驶里程。你开车越少，节省的钱就越多，这反映了你节省的保险费用。驾驶者减少行驶里程
Vehicle insurance is generally considered a fixed cost with respect to vehicle use. Motorists do not usually perceive insurance cost savings when they reduce mileage. Distance-based insurance pricing converts insurance to a variable cost with respect to vehicle travel so premiums are directly related to annual mileage. Distance-based pricing makes vehicle insurance more actuarially accurate (premiums better reflect the claim costs of each vehicle) and gives motorists a new opportunity to save money when they reduce their mileage. It can help achieve several public policy objectives including equity, road safety, consumer savings and choice, congestion reduction, facility cost savings, energy savings and environmental protection. This paper compares several distance-based insurance pricing options, and evaluates concerns and criticisms. The analysis indicates that distance-based pricing is technically and economically feasible, and can provide significant benefits to motorists and society. What would be the consequences if gasoline were sold like vehicle insurance? With gasoline sold by the car-year, vehicle owners would make one annual advance payment which allows them to draw gasoline unrestricted at a company’s fuel stations. Prices would be based on the average cost of supplying gasoline to similar motorists. Unmetered fuel would cause a spiral of increased fuel consumption, mileage, and overall vehicle costs, including externalities such as accident risk, congestion and pollution. Motorists who use less fuel than average would find this unfair and unaffordable, and so would drop out of the system, but those who use more fuel than average would defend it because they enjoy benefits. Such a system would be irrational. It is comparable to current insurance pricing. An earlier version of this paper was published in Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 51, No. 3, Summer 1997, pp. 119-138. The comprehensive technical report of this study, Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance; Feasibility, Costs and Benefits, is available at the Victoria Transport Policy Institute website. Distance-Based Vehicle Insurance Victoria Transport Policy Institute Introduction This report explores the feasibility of implementing distance-based (also called Pay-AsYou-Drive, PAYD and Per-Mile) motor vehicle insurance pricing. Insurance is currently a fixed cost with respect to vehicle travel. A reduction in vehicle mileage does not usually provide a comparable reduction in insurance premiums. Distance-based pricing converts insurance into a variable cost, so reducing a vehicle’s annual mileage reduces its insurance premiums, all else being equal. Distance-based insurance is based on the principle that prices should reflect costs, and consumers who reduce the costs they impose should receive proportionate savings. Reduced driving reduces the risk of crashes and insurance claims. With current pricing, claim cost savings that result when motorists reduce their mileage are retained as profits by insurers, or returned to premium payers as a group. With distance-based pricing these savings are returned to the individual motorist that reduces mileage. The less you drive the more you save, reflecting the insurance cost savings you create. Motorist Reduces Mileage