Estimating the causal effect of randomization versus treatment preference in a doubly randomized preference trial.
Estimating the causal effect of randomization versus treatment preference in a doubly randomized preference trial.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028031
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Steiner, Peter M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marcus, Sue M.;Stuart, Elizabeth A.;Wang, Pei;Shadish, William R.;Steiner, Peter M.
关键词：
虽然随机研究具有较高的内部效度，但从随机临床试验到现实世界的临床或教育实践的估计因果效应的普遍性可能有限。我们认为随机分配治疗的含义，与选择首选的治疗，因为它发生在现实世界的条件。依从性、参与度或动机可能在首选治疗中更好，这可能使随机试验结果的普遍性复杂化。双随机偏好试验（DRPT）是一种混合随机和非随机设计，允许估计随机化与治疗偏好的因果关系。在DRPT中，个体首先被随机分配到随机分配或选择分配。然后，随机分配组中的患者被随机分配到治疗组或对照组，选择组中的患者接受治疗组与对照组的偏好。使用潜在结果框架，我们应用条件独立性代数来展示如何使用DRPT来推导出随机化与每个治疗和比较条件偏好的因果效应的无偏估计。此外，我们展示了如何使用完全匹配的倾向得分来实现这些结果。介绍心理学的学生随机分配或偏好的数学与词汇训练的DRPT的方法说明。我们发现，对于那些接受数学训练的人来说，偏好与随机化在数学结果方面有一个小到中等的好处。
Although randomized studies have high internal validity, generalizability of the estimated causal effect from randomized clinical trials to real-world clinical or educational practice may be limited. We consider the implication of randomized assignment to treatment, as compared with choice of preferred treatment as it occurs in real-world conditions. Compliance, engagement, or motivation may be better with a preferred treatment, and this can complicate the generalizability of results from randomized trials. The doubly randomized preference trial (DRPT) is a hybrid randomized and nonrandomized design that allows for estimation of the causal effect of randomization versus treatment preference. In the DRPT, individuals are first randomized to either randomized assignment or choice assignment. Those in the randomized assignment group are then randomized to treatment or control, and those in the choice group receive their preference of treatment versus control. Using the potential outcomes framework, we apply the algebra of conditional independence to show how the DRPT can be used to derive an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of randomization versus preference for each of the treatment and comparison conditions. Also, we show how these results can be implemented using full matching on the propensity score. The methodology is illustrated with a DRPT of introductory psychology students who were randomized to randomized assignment or preference of mathematics versus vocabulary training. We found a small to moderate benefit of preference versus randomization with respect to the mathematics outcome for those who received mathematics training.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
HODGES, JL;LEHMANN, EL
通讯作者：
LEHMANN, EL
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Dynarski, SM
通讯作者：
Dynarski, SM
影响因子：
--
作者：
BREWIN, CR;BRADLEY, C
通讯作者：
BRADLEY, C
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9868.00249
发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Gastwirth, JL;Krieger, AM;Rosenbaum, PR
通讯作者：
Rosenbaum, PR
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
Levitt, Steven D.;List, John A.
通讯作者：
List, John A.