Everyday Temptations: An Experience Sampling Study of Desire, Conflict, and Self-Control
Everyday Temptations: An Experience Sampling Study of Desire, Conflict, and Self-Control
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026545
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Vohs, Kathleen D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofmann, Wilhelm;Baumeister, Roy F.;Vohs, Kathleen D.
人们体验欲望的频率和强度有多大，他们的欲望与其他目标冲突的程度有多大，人们自我控制抵抗欲望的频率和成功程度有多高？为了调查日常生活中的欲望和控制欲望的尝试，我们在整合了欲望强度、冲突、抵抗(使用自我控制)和行为设定的概念框架上进行了一项大规模的经验抽样研究。205名成年人的样本戴了一周的寻呼机。他们提供了7827份欲望事件的报告，并完成了行为抑制系统/行为激活系统(BIS/BAS)敏感性、特质自我控制、完美主义和自恋权利的人格测量。结果表明，欲望是频繁的、强度不同的，而且基本上不成问题。那些与其他目标相冲突的冲动往往会招致阻力，成功程度参差不齐。欲望的强度、冲突、抵抗和自我调节的成功通过多种方式受到人格变量以及情景和人际因素的影响，如饮酒、仅仅是他人的存在、以及已经实施了所述欲望的其他人的存在。虽然个性通常对欲望早期出现的维度(欲望强度和冲突)有更强的影响，但情境因素对过程后期的组成部分(抵抗和行为设定)的影响相对较大。总而言之，这些发现为日常欲望的本质以及相关的自我调节成功和失败提供了一个新颖而详细的视角。
How often and how strongly do people experience desires, to what extent do their desires conflict with other goals, and how often and successfully do people exercise self-control to resist their desires? To investigate desire and attempts to control desire in everyday life, we conducted a large-scale experience sampling study based on a conceptual framework integrating desire strength, conflict, resistance (use of self-control), and behavior enactment. A sample of 205 adults wore beepers for a week. They furnished 7,827 reports of desire episodes and completed personality measures of behavioral inhibition system/behavior activation system (BIS/BAS) sensitivity, trait self-control, perfectionism, and narcissistic entitlement. Results suggest that desires are frequent, variable in intensity, and largely unproblematic. Those urges that do conflict with other goals tend to elicit resistance, with uneven success. Desire strength, conflict, resistance, and self-regulatory success were moderated in multiple ways by personality variables as well as by situational and interpersonal factors such as alcohol consumption, the mere presence of others, and the presence of others who already had enacted the desire in question. Whereas personality generally had a stronger impact on the dimensions of desire that emerged early in its course (desire strength and conflict), situational factors showed relatively more influence on components later in the process (resistance and behavior enactment). In total, these findings offer a novel and detailed perspective on the nature of everyday desires and associated self-regulatory successes and failures.