"Profits before people''? A systematic review of the health and safety impacts of privatising public utilities and industries in developed countries
"Profits before people''? A systematic review of the health and safety impacts of privatising public utilities and industries in developed countries
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.2006.053231
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Drever, Frances
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egan, Matt;Petticrew, Mark;Drever, Frances
关于政府私有化政策的辩论往往集中在所谓私有化对健康和安全的影响上。对工业和公用事业私有化对雇员和公众健康（包括伤害）的影响（通过荟萃分析的报告质量）进行了系统审查。数据来源是电子数据库（医学、社会科学和经济）、书目和专家联系方式。从1945年起，在经济合作与发展组织的任何成员国（以任何语言）进行了实验和准实验研究，以评估这些干预措施的健康结果。确定了11项高度不同的研究，这些研究评估了建筑、水、造纸、水泥、公共汽车、铁路、采矿、电力和天然气公司私有化对健康的影响。最有力的研究发现，在涉及公司裁员的私有化干预后，员工中与压力相关的健康问题有所增加。没有确凿的证据表明私有化与雇员或顾客受伤率的上升有关。总之，关于私有化对健康和安全的影响的公开辩论缺乏经验基础，这是决策者和研究人员需要解决的问题。一些证据表明，与私有化相关的裁员可能造成不利的健康后果。
Debates on government privatisation policies have often focused on the alleged effects of privatisation on health and safety. A systematic review ( through Quality of Reporting of Meta-analysis) of the effects of privatising industries and utilities on the health ( including injuries) of employees and the public was conducted. The data sources were electronic databases ( medical, social science and economic), bibliographies and expert contacts. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies were sought, dating from 1945, from any Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development member country ( in any language) that evaluated the health outcomes of such interventions. Eleven highly heterogeneous studies that evaluated the health impacts of privatisation of building, water, paper, cement, bus, rail, mining, electric and gas companies were identified. The most robust study found increases in the measures of stress-related ill health among employees after a privatisation intervention involving company downsizing. No robust evidence was found to link privatisation with increased injury rates for employees or customers. In conclusion, public debates on the health and safety implications of privatisation have a poor empirical base, which policy makers and researchers need to address. Some evidence suggests that adverse health outcomes could result from redundancies associated with privatisation.